近临界水中水解鱼蛋白制备氨基酸

The hydrolysis technology and reaction kinetics for amino acids production from fish proteins in subcritical water reactor without catalysts were investigated in a reactor with volume of 400 ml under the conditions of reaction temperature from 180-320℃, pressure from 5-26 MPa, and time from 5-60 rain. The quality and quantity of amino acids in hydrolysate were determined by bioLiquid chromatography, and 17 kinds of amino acids were obtained. For the important 8 amino acids, the experiments were conducted to examine the effects of reaction temperature, pressure and time on amino acids yield. The optimum conditions for high yield are obtained from the experimental results. It is found that the nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmosphere should be used for leucine, isoleucine and histidine production while the air atmosphere might be used for other amino acids. The reaction time of 30 rain and the experimental temperature of 220℃, 240℃ and 260℃ were adopted for reaction kinetic research. The total yield of amino acids versus reaction time have been examined experimentally. According to these experimental data and under the condition of water excess, the macroscopic reaction kinetic equation of fish proteins hydrolysis was obtained with the hydrolysis reaction order of 1.615 and the rate constants being 0.0017, 0.0045 and 0.0097 at 220℃, 240℃ and 260℃ respectively. The activation energy is 145.1 kJ·mol^- 1.     

一步法合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷反应过程研究

以正十二醇和葡萄糖为原料一步法制备十二烷基葡萄糖苷,研究了不同反应条件(催化体系、催化剂用量、温度、醇糖比等)对反应过程转化率和选择性的影响,提出了此反应过程的物理模型。研究结果表明,合成十二烷基葡萄糖苷的反应主要由生成十二烷基葡萄糖苷的主反应和生成多糖的副反应组成。十二醇与葡萄糖反应生成烷基葡萄糖苷的主反应属于液相反应机理,首先葡萄糖溶解于十二醇中,然后与十二醇发生均相反应,碳正离子与十二醇的反应是整个反应的控制步骤。反应过程中,反应体系中部分固相葡萄糖处于熔融状态,能捕捉液相中的催化剂,生成多糖副产物。不同反应条件下的实验结果表明,此反应机理能很好地描述反应过程,为此反应过程的动力学研究提供了理论基础。     

两种交联氨基淀粉对水中Cu2＋的吸附性能

研究了含C-N键的氨基淀粉（CAS）与含CN键的氨基淀粉（DAS）对重金属离子Cu2＋的吸附性能,包括吸附动力学、吸附等温线和吸附热力学。结果表明CAS比DAS的吸附容量更大,Cu2＋去除率更高;CAS适用的pH为5～7,DAS适用的pH为4～4．5;两者对Cu2＋的吸附均符合拟二级动力学;CAS对Cu2＋等温吸附符合Freundlich型,为非均相表面吸附;DAS吸附则是单层吸附;两种氨基淀粉对Cu2＋的吸附过程均为吸热、熵增、自发的过程。     

C50株抗CEA杂交瘤细胞抗体生成动力学及体外培养条件的优化

目的　研究C5 0株抗CEA杂交瘤细胞的抗体生成动力学 ,确定优化体外培养条件。方法　体外静态培养C5 0细胞 ,采用ELISA和细胞计数的方法检测培养上清抗体浓度和细胞数量 ,分析细胞生长与抗体分泌的关联性。采用体内复壮和添加新型免疫增强剂CpGODN的方法 ,尝试恢复长期体外培养的C5 0细胞的抗体生成能力。结果　C5 0细胞的抗体生成动力学为非生长关联型 ,经过体内复壮 ,C5 0细胞体外培养上清中抗体浓度显著提高 ,但活细胞密度或细胞活力均未发生明显变化。在培养基中添加一定浓度的CpGODN ,可以恢复长期体外培养的C5 0细胞的抗体生成能力。结论　根据细胞的抗体生成动力学特征 ,通过调节细胞的生长状态 ,可提高上清抗体浓度。根据抗体基因的组织特异性表达的机制 ,通过优化杂交瘤细胞的体外培养条件 ,能保持细胞正常的抗体生成能力 ,维持细胞高且稳定的上清抗体浓度     

液相中H2S与SO2反应动力学研究

在鼓泡反应器中研究了二氧化硫和硫化氢在三种不同pH值溶液,即水溶液、盐酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液和碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液中的反应行为.结果表明,液相中两者的反应主要是发生在硫化氢分子和亚硫酸氢根离子之间.在对实验数据分析的基础上,得出了三种液相溶液中的统一反应速率方程为r=kcH2SC0.5HSO3-,k=1.531×104exp(-2139—T)其中,反应活化能为17.78kJ·mol-1.     

Chemical Kinetics,Simulation, and Thermodynamics of Glycolytic Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste with Catalyst Optimization for Recycling of Value Added Monomeric Products

Reaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste powder with ethylene glycol (EG) was carried out in a batch reactor at 1 atm pressure and at various temperatures ranging from 100–220 °C at the intervals of 10 °C. Particle size from 50–512.5 μm, reaction time from 30–150 min, amount of catalyst from 0.001–0.009 mol, and type of catalysts required for glycolysis of PET were optimized. To increase the PET weight (%) loss, various external catalysts were introduced during the reaction at different reaction parameters. Depolymerization of PET was increased with reaction time and temperature. Depolymerization of PET was decreased with increase in the particle size of PET. Reaction rate was found to depend on concentrations of liquid ethylene glycol and ethylene diester groups in the polyester. Analyses of value added monomeric products (DMT and EG) as well as PET were undertaken. Yields of monomers were agreed with PET conversion. A kinetic model was proposed and simulated, and observed consistent with experimental data. Comparisons of effect of various amounts of catalysts and type of catalysts on glycolysis rate were undertaken. Dependence of the rate constant on reaction temperature was correlated by Arrhenius plot, which shows activation energy of 46.2 kJ/mol and Arrhenius constant of 99 783 min^?1.

Arrhenius plot of the rate constant of glycolysis at 1 atm pressure for 127.5 μm PET particle size (KZA = rate constant using zinc acetate as a catalyst, KMA = rate constant using manganese acetate as a catalyst).     

全淀粉降解塑料的研究进展

该文对淀粉降解塑料的国内外研究进展进行了综述,指出全淀粉降解塑料研究中存在的问题和发展趋势,认为全淀粉降解塑料是最有发展前景的生物降解塑料之一。引用文献34篇。     

轮胎花纹噪声动力学分析

从动力学角度研究轮胎花纹噪声的发声机理。分析得出，车速越快、轮胎充气量越小、花纹块的密度越大，花纹块的噪声声压越大；花纹槽的腔体积、车速和汽车载质量越大，花纹槽的噪声声压越大。从噪声波干涉与合成的角度论述花纹结构参数对轮胎花纹噪声的影响。     

苯酐固化邻甲酚醛环氧的热性能与热分解动力学

研究了邻甲酚醛环氧树脂(o CFER)与邻苯二甲酸酐固化物的热分解动力学,用动态力学谱仪测定了玻璃化温度(Tg)。讨论了固化剂用量、固化时间等因素对玻璃化转变温度(Tg)的影响。结果表明,固化体系的玻璃化温度随反应程度的增加而升高,当达到一定程度后,趋于一定值。利用热重分析仪(TGA)研究了完全固化产物的热分解动力学,说明热分解反应分2步进行。     

苏皖沉积型坡缕石酸溶动力学研究

从坡缕石提纯入手,用分光光度法进行元素分析,对坡缕石的酸溶动力学进行研究。实验结果表明：坡缕石酸溶反应中八面体阳离子溶出率取决于阳离子在矿物中的含量、酸溶反应本身活化能和离子扩散速度。其酸溶动力学宜采用圆柱体一内扩散控制模型模拟,其浸出率x对反应时间t的关系可表示为(1-x) xlnx=kt。在实验条件下坡缕石八面体阳离子Fe^3 ,Al^3 和Mg^2 酸溶反应表观活化能分别为11．4,9．5kJ／mol和16．6kJ／mol。