生物强化技术对厌氧消化特性影响研究进展

将生物强化技术应用到厌氧消化过程中，可克服复杂底物类型或消极环境条件等不利因素，因而近年来备受研究者的青睐。本文从生物强化制剂的类型出发，阐述了细菌强化、真菌强化、古菌强化、互营微生物强化和生物酶强化对厌氧消化特性的影响，并在此基础上回顾了生物强化技术在木质纤维素类底物、受氨氮/丙酸抑制类废水和难降解有机物消化中的应用，最后讨论了附着型强化方式和多段式强化方式对生物强化技术的影响。大量研究表明生物强化技术具有显著促进厌氧消化特性的积极影响，但在部分研究中并未得到良好成效，生物强化制剂的选择是该技术的关键所在。利用互营微生物的协同代谢或提高生物酶在系统中的稳定性将稳固生物强化技术的作用。此外，选择合适的附着载体和投加策略将进一步拓展生物强化技术在废水厌氧处理中的应用。     

Upgrading biogas produced at dairy farms into renewable natural gas by methanation

Renewable natural gas can be produced from raw biogas, a product of the anaerobic decomposition of organic material, by upgrading its CO₂ content (25‐50%) via thermocatalytic hydrogenation (CO₂ methanation). The H₂ needed for this reaction can be generated by water electrolysis powered by carbon emission‐free energy sources such as renewable or nuclear power, or using surplus electricity. Herein, after briefly outlining some aspects of biogas production at dairy farms and highlighting recent developments in the design of methanation systems, a case study on the renewable natural gas generation is presented. The performance of a system for renewable natural gas generation from a 2000‐head dairy farm livestock manure is evaluated and assessed for its economic potential. The project is predicted to generate revenue through the sale of energy and carbon credits with the payback period of 5 years, with a subsidized energy price.     

沼气发电机组综述

文章主要介绍新型热力发电机组——沼气发电机组,并且对沼气发电机组的使用和发展情况进行了评述。沼气具有来源广泛,可使废物充分利用,经济,易燃烧,效率高,排放清洁等特点。沼气发电机组主要使用沼气发动机为固定动力源。深入研究沼气的充分利用和沼气发动机的工作原理是有着积极的意义。