太阳能-空气源热泵耦合式沼气池加温系统设计

针对8 m3沼气发酵池设计了一套空气源热泵-太阳能耦合式加温系统,可以根据不同天气切换运行太阳能、太阳能空气源热泵和空气源热泵3种热源模式,以满足沼气池内的加温需求。计算了沼气池加温系统的热负荷,将该系统与电热膜加温系统和地源热泵系统进行了比较,可以分别增加投资效益净现值11866.9元和4726.7元,多投资部分的投资回收期分别为8年和4年。可见,对于小型沼气池工程,采用空气源热泵辅助太阳能热水系统,从节能性与经济性来讲,是一种适宜推广的热源形式。     

模压玻璃钢沼气池成套设备的开发研究

目前,新型模压玻璃钢沼气池及生产设备已被列入国家科技创新基金项目,经过多年的研究开发,该项目已进入推广应用阶段。本文主要介绍我国模压玻璃钢沼气池的发展情况。     

Effects of pH on ex-situ biomethanation with hydrogenotrophic methanogens under thermophilic and extreme-thermophilic conditions

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铁基和硅基材料对有机垃圾厌氧发酵产沼气的促进作用研究

制备并考察3种功能材料（Fe₂O₃、Silicalite-1和Fe₂O₃@Silicalite-1）的3种投加量（50、100和150 mg）对有机垃圾（鸡粪）的厌氧发酵产气影响。结果表明：各功能材料组的日沼气产量和甲烷含量相比于空白组均得到有效提高,其中Fe₂O₃组分别提高31.07%和10.34%;Silicalite-1组分别提高23.98%和12.07%;Fe₂O₃@Silicalite-1组的产气效果最佳,其最高累计产气量和甲烷含量分别提高41.39%和17.24%。由此可见,将纳米Fe₂O₃分散负载在多孔材料（Silicalite-1）上可作为一种有效的厌氧发酵催化剂,该材料可避免传统方法中纳米颗粒的团聚造成的自身性能失活,从而通过厌氧发酵技术耦合复合材料实现有机垃圾处理工艺的能源效益和环境效益。     

Design and performance evaluation of biogas stove for community cooking application

Matured biogas production technology has led to the development of a number of biogas appliances for lighting, power generation, and cooking. The most promising among them is the biogas stove, to meet the energy requirement for cooking application at domestic as well as at the community level. In this paper, an attempt has been made to design and develop a community biogas stove for baking chapatti (bread) or other food items on a hotplate for canteen or community purposes. The performance of the stove was evaluated by using a 25 m³ floating type biogas plant at Asha Dham Asharm, Udaipur, India. The gas consumption rating of the developed stove was 1 m³ (19 MJ/h) and the cooking efficiency of the stove was recorded to be about 43.96%.     

MEOR菌的产气性能研究

实验所用采油菌包括混合菌种和单一菌种共8种，均为兼性菌，分别由海水，油层水，油田和炼厂污水，原油和土壤中筛选得到，最佳生长温度范围不同，低限＜25－35℃,高限38－50℃，在一种培养基中加入不同的5种单一碳源和实验菌中，在30℃，空气帽下静态培养24小时，8种菌均能利用蜜糖和青海ZQ22井原油产气，均不能利用固态（＞C30）石蜡产气，6种菌能利用液态石蜡产气，3种菌能利用大港Dg-1井原油产气，原油烃分布表明，QZ22井原油低碳数烃含量高于在高碳数烃含量低于Dg-1原油，两种原油都不含＜C10烃，由QZ22井原油和土培中培养出的假单胞杆菌B，最佳生长温度25－38℃，能利用除固态石蜡以外的所有实验碳源产气，产气量较大，在同一培养基中以体积比2：5的糖蜜＋QZ22原油为混合碳源，在上述培养条件下菌种B生长迅速，产气量为培养基体积的47．8％，生长时消耗O2，产气主要为CO2及少量C3－C5烃，不产甲烷。     

Biogas generation from bagasse-based paper mills by anaerobic digestion

Bagasse-based paper mills in developing countries do not have sophisticated waste water treatment technology to combat water pollution released by these mills. This paper presents an overview of bagasse handling and sources of waste generation, the seriousness of pollution discharge, and treatment options available to tackle the waste water derived from bagasse-based paper mills. Extensive laboratory treatability studies indicate that anaerobic digestion for biogas generation is a viable method for handling bagasse-based paper mill wastes. The waste water was treated at an organic loading of 0.8 kg BOD m^?3 day^?1 and 1.6 kg COD m^?3 day^?1 and a detention time of 10 days, achieving 90% reduction in BOD and COD without supplementation of any nutrients. With a yield coefficient of 0.5, the average quantity of cells produced per day was calculated to be 1.683 kg day^?1 or 0.25 kg cells produced kg^?1 BOD removed. Intermittent checking on excess alkalinity in the anerobic system is necessary for achieving maximum treatment efficiency.     

Energy recovery and economy aspects of steam-explosion pretreatment in waste phytomass management

Steam-explosion pretreatment allows lowering of the natural resistance of plant material to subsequent biodegrading processes, such as anaerobic fermentation. This is achieved by a complex of cavitation forces that disintegrate rigid lignocellulose structures and liberate labile organic matter during a quick release of phytomass from a steam-pressurized reactor back to the atmospheric pressure. Hydrolyzing reactants or catalysts may increase the effect; however, the management of chemicals raises financial and environmental concerns. The current state of knowledge was reviewed to identify promising designs and reengineering that would enable subsequent transfer into the commercial scale in order to reverse the current trend of phytomass waste management – landfilling. In an effort to achieve profitability, it has been concluded that further development should focus on a deeper interconnection of the apparatus with associated technology units, reuse of waste heat from the subsequent biogas combustion, widening the range of processing parameters, reuse of nutrients, and utilization of the ballast organic matter.     

畜禽养殖场沼气工程建设的思考

论述了集约化畜禽养殖场粪污对农村生态环境的影响，分析了粪污治理的综合措施，并对关键措施之一--大中型沼气工程技术的产业化发展障碍与问题进行了探讨，提出了建议。     

Pilot-scale high solids thermophilic anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste with an emphasis on nutrient requirements

A pilot study was conducted to assess the biodegradable organic fraction of municipal solid waste (BOF/MSW) as a substrate in a high-solids anaerobic digestion process. Results obtained indicate that a typical BOF/MSW in the United States is deficient in most macro and micro-nutrients required for robust and stable digestion. The BOF/MSW was supplemented with nutrient-rich organic wastes such as wastewater treatment plant sludges, dairy manure, and synthetic chemical solutions to correct nutritional deficiencies. The combined addition of wastewater treatment plant sludge and dairy manure to a typical BOF/MSW significantly elevated the gas production rate and enhanced the process stability. Microbial nutrient requirements are identified and nutrient concentrations for stable operation are quantified.