A/O/混凝沉淀/O组合工艺处理印染废水中试

采用A/O/混凝沉淀/O组合工艺处理棉布印染废水,考察了不同水力停留时间下,对COD、色度的去除效果.结果表明:当兼氧段停留时间为14 h、好氧段停留时间为10.5 h时,该工艺对印染废水中COD和色度的总去除率分别达到90%和92%以上,出水水质完全符合印染废水一级排放标准.     

Sensory pollution from bag-type fiberglass ventilation filters: Conventional filter compared with filters containing various amounts of activated carbon

As ventilation filters accumulate particles removed from the airstream, they become emitters of sensory pollutants that degrade indoor air quality. Previously we demonstrated that an F7 bag-type filter that incorporates activated carbon (a “combination filter”) reduces this adverse effect compared to an equivalent filter without carbon. The aim of the present study was to examine how the amount of activated carbon (AC) used in combination filters affects their ability to remove both sensory offending pollutants and ozone. A panel evaluated the air downstream of four different filters after each had continuously filtered outdoor suburban air over a period of 6 months. Interim assessments (mid-term evaluation) were performed after 3 months. During both assessments, four unused filters, identical in type to the loaded filters, were also evaluated. The evaluated filters included a conventional F7 fiberglass filter and three modifications of a bag-type fiberglass combination filter: the “Heavy” corresponded to a commercially available filter containing 400 g of carbon per square meter of filter area, the “Medium” contained half as much carbon (200 g/m²), and the “Light” contained a quarter as much carbon (100 g/m²). Each filter was weighed at the beginning of the soiling period and after 3 and 6 months of service. Additionally, up- and down-stream ozone concentrations and filter pressure drops were measured monthly. Following 6 months of service, the air downstream of each of the combination filters was judged to be significantly better than the air downstream of the 6-month-old F7 filter, and was comparable to that from an unused F7 filter. Additionally, the combination filters removed more ozone from the air than the F7 filter, with their respective fractional removal efficiencies roughly scaling with their carbon content.     

固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用

介绍了固定化细胞技术,综述了近年来固定化细胞的制备方法、固定化细胞的反应特性,对采用细胞固定化技术处理各种废水的一些实验模拟进行了简要的论述,并指出了今后的研究方向。     

低碳源城市污水的强化脱氮除磷工艺研究

在活性污泥释磷规律研究的基础上进行中试,对常规A2/O工艺进行改进,提出适用于低碳源城市污水的强化脱氮除磷工艺.结果表明:富磷污泥中的NO3--N浓度较高时,在厌氧开始的一段时间内,反硝化吸磷使PO3-4-P浓度不断降低,当NO3--N由2.75 mg/L降至接近于零时才开始表现出释磷;对于低碳源城市污水,由于大量未被反硝化的NO3--N随回流污泥进入厌氧区,干扰厌氧释磷的正常进行,导致常规A2/O工艺的除磷效果较差,出水TP平均浓度为1.04 mg/L;调整厌氧、缺氧、好氧停留时间比进行强化厌氧后,出水TP平均浓度为0.48 mg/L,达到了GB 18918-2002标准的一级A标准,去除率较常规A2/O工艺提高了21%,同时出水COD、TN、NH3-N也能稳定地达到一级A标准.     

曝气沉砂池除油刮渣系统的技术改造

结合南方某城市污水处理厂曝气沉砂池除油刮渣系统的技术改造实践,介绍了一套能适应运行水位频繁、大幅波动的除油刮渣系统.该系统采用推板结构的除油刮渣板,运行时沿着导轨落入或离开水面,无需增设电机,不受桁车移动桥走偏影响,基本不需要日常维护管理.运行一年以来,该套除油刮渣系统稳定可靠、效率高、无故障.     

黄磷电炉电尘浆提取镓的预处理

根据在电炉还原炼磷过程中,磷灰石中的镓在电尘浆中高度富集,成为可供利用的镓资源,提出了一种提取镓的预处理技术:用浓硫酸熟化电尘,将其中的镓先转化成水溶性化合物,再从预处理物料中浸出镓.考察了预处理过程中电尘的化学和矿物学变化以及影响镓提取率的因素,并给出了适宜的预处理条件;在最佳质量比电尘:水:硫酸=1:1:1,200℃下熟化2 h.实验结果表明,在优化条件下将预处理的电尘在80℃浸出1 h,镓的浸出率可达90%以上.     

汽车尾气催化净化技术发展动向

汽车尾气是大气污染的主要来源之一.世界上发达国家的汽车尾气排放法规日趋严格,未来汽车必须达到低排放、超低排放,甚至零排放的要求.汽车尾气催化净化技术被证明是最有效的控制汽车排放污染的方法之一.新发展的尾气催化净化技术,如密偶催化剂、HC吸附催化剂以及稀薄燃烧条件下的NOx吸附还原催化剂等的应用,可满足国外未来更严格的排放法规的要求.同时概述了我国目前汽车尾气净化器行业的发展概况,指出了我国汽车尾气净化器在产业化方面的不足以及努力方向.     

Investigation of CMP of Ni in the Preparation Process of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System Devices

利用自制的抛光液对高纯镍片进行化学机械抛光,研究化学机械抛光过程中抛光压力、pH值、H2O2浓度、络合剂种类及其浓度、SiO2浓度等参数对抛光速率的影响。结果表明在抛光压力为13.79kPa、H2O2浓度为0.5%,pH值为3.0,SiO2浓度为0.5%,络合剂EDTA及其浓度为1%时,得到最大抛光速率为312.3nm/min;在抛光压力为13.79kPa、pH值为4.0、SiO2浓度为1%、络合剂EDTA为1%、H2O2浓度为1%条件下抛光得到的镍片表面质量较好,表面粗糙度Ra达到5nm。并利用电化学手段研究了镍片在抛光液中的溶解与钝化行为。     

氧化锆陶瓷中温化学镀镍三元络合剂的研究

目的优化中温化学镀镍三元络合剂体系,得到性能优良的化学镀镍层。方法选取乳酸、冰乙酸及柠檬酸作为络合剂组分,以镀速和含磷量为考察指标,通过设计L9(34)正交实验,研究次亚磷酸钠、乳酸、冰乙酸及柠檬酸的浓度对化学镀镀速以及镀层磷含量的影响。结果综合考虑镀速和磷含量,得到的最佳三元络合剂体系为20 mL/L乳酸+15 mL/L冰乙酸+10 g/L柠檬酸,该条件下镀速为6.4 mg/h,镀层磷质量分数为8.8%。结论采用优化的络合剂体系,可以获得致密均匀、结合力良好的化学镀镍层。     

SiC 单晶片化学机械研磨试验研究

目的提高Si C单晶片的材料去除率,改善加工后的表面质量。方法进行研磨液试验,利用极差法得到研磨液的最优配比和研磨液成分中影响去除率的主次因素顺序;对主要影响因素进行单因素试验并考察对材料去除率的影响。结果研磨液的质量为50 g,最优配方为:助研剂、分散剂、增稠剂、润滑剂、磨料A、磨料B的质量分别为9,7,5,3,3,5 g,其余为调和剂,磨料A和磨料B的粒度均为W28。结论影响材料去除率的主要因素为磨料粒度,粒度越大,材料去除率越高。