马氏珠母贝综合利用的研究进展

马氏珠母贝是我国南方沿海地区人工养殖生产珍珠的主要贝类,目前已在养殖生态、插核育珠、营养成分和生物活性等方面对其进行了广泛的研究。文章综述马氏珠母贝所育珍珠、贝壳和贝肉营养成分、生物活性分析及其应用等方面的研究进展,为马氏珠母贝的进一步研究利用提供理论依据。     

药食两用植物茼蒿化学成分及生物活性研究进展

茼蒿(Chrysanthemum coronarium L.)是一种菊科(Compositae)茼蒿属(Chrysanthemum)药食两用植物,目前对其化学成分分离、鉴定及生物活性研究报道较多。化学成分研究结果表明茼蒿中主要含有黄酮、酚酸、倍半萜内酯、单萜烯、二萜、甘油二酯糖苷、生物碱、植物甾醇、杂环化合物、聚乙炔类化合物和挥发油等多种类型化合物。其中黄酮类和酚酸类活性成分为茼蒿中主要的化学成分,它们广泛存在于菊科植物中。茼蒿具有多种生物活性,包括镇咳祛痰、植物化感作用、杀线虫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化和清除自由基、昆虫拒食、护肝和抗菌等。黄酮和酚酸类成分是茼蒿发挥植物化感作用和抗氧化作用的物质基础;聚乙炔类化合物和挥发油是茼蒿发挥昆虫拒食和抗菌作用的活性物质;萜类化合物尤其是倍半萜内酯则是茼蒿抗肿瘤和抗菌活性成分。     

户外运动锦纶面料的超泼水防风抗紫外整理

高密锦纶纤维织物采用冷轧堆前处理;185℃预定形时,添加20 g/L抗黄变剂RUCOGEN NOX;采用酸性染料染色,加入抗紫外整理剂CEL;防水防油后整理时,添加适量交联剂CA-A-01,以提高其耐久性,并进行一定压力的轧光处理,以提高其抗钻绒性。通过分析工艺的各因素,提出了相关的注意事项。经该工艺生产的高密锦纶纤维织物,手感柔软,光泽柔和,具有超强泼水耐洗性、抗紫外和抗钻绒等功能,提升了产品的附加值。     

硫磺回收及尾气处理工艺新型流程

针对硫磺回收及尾气处理Claus +SCOT装置存在的问题进行探讨 ,提出采用非在线加热炉并合理利用自身热源的新型简化流程。对新老流程进行了对比 ,指出了新流程设计中应考虑的问题。     

凉水塔混凝土结构的腐蚀与防护

分析了大化肥凉水塔钢筋混凝土结构受体不水及大气的腐蚀渗透原因，提出了防护方法。     

生物填料塔处理餐厅污水的研究

分别以自行开发的组合型填料和焦炭作为生物载体构成的生物填料塔对餐厅污水处理进行了试验研究 ,试验考察了污水入塔COD值对塔中DO的影响 ,观察到的结果表明 :长期在高入塔COD下运行对生物膜系统的持久、稳定不利 ;水力停留时间取 3～ 4h ,COD的容积去除负荷约为 4kg/ (m3 ·h)时 ,出水既可达标又可保持较高的处理能力 ;鼓风曝气时 ,气水比取 8～ 12可使出水达标 ,而功耗较低 ;在相同的微生物系统和操作条件下 ,布水布气性好的组合填料处理效果高于布水布气性差的焦炭     

Synthetic biological system construction and green intelligent biological manufacturing

The production of chemicals in microbial cell factories is one of the effective ways to solve energy and environmental problems. Many chemical products have been produced by synthetic biology, but production ability and robustness of the strains still needs to been improved. Development of intelligent cell factory and realizing intelligent biological manufacturing is an important approach to improve the production and robustness. This review introduces the research status of intelligent biological manufacturing from five following aspects: protein design, biosensor, metabolism regulation, strain evolution and fermentation process. The development of biological “intelligence” will make an important contribution to improving the production level of industrial biological processes and process energy saving and emission reduction.     

The Ability of the Nitric Oxide Synthases Inhibitor T1023 to Selectively Protect the Non-Malignant Tissues

Previously, we showed that a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, compound T1023, induces transient hypoxia and prevents acute radiation syndrome (ARS) in mice. Significant efficacy (according to various tests, dose modifying factor (DMF)—1.6–1.9 against H-ARS/G-ARS) and safety in radioprotective doses (1/5–1/4 LD10) became the reason for testing its ability to prevent complications of tumor radiation therapy (RT). Research methods included studying T1023 effects on skin acute radiation reactions (RSR) in rats and mice without tumors and in tumor-bearing animals. The effects were evaluated using clinical, morphological and histological techniques as well as RTOG classification. T1023 administration prior to irradiation significantly limited the severity of acute RSR. This was due to a decrease in radiation alteration of the skin and underlying tissues, and the preservation of the functional activity of cell populations that are critical in the pathogenesis of radiation burn. The DMF values for T1023 for skin protection were 1.4–1.7. Moreover, its radioprotective effect was fully selective to normal tissues in RT models of solid tumors—T1023 reduced the severity of acute RSR and did not modify the antitumor effects of γ-radiation. The results indicate that T1023 can selectively protect the non-malignant tissues against γ-radiation due to hypoxic mechanism of action and potentiate opportunities of NOS inhibitors in RT complications prevention.     

砂尘环境中军用装备磨损腐蚀进展的研究

对砂尘恶劣环境下的武器装备损坏机理进行了分析,并针对性地提出了对武器装备的磨损腐蚀程度进行评估和防护的方法.     

黄曲霉毒素B1的生物脱毒研究进展

简要介绍了黄曲霉毒素的分子结构、理化性质、对人体健康的危害及黄曲霉毒素B1在食品中的限量标准。重点阐述了近几年黄曲霉毒素B1生物脱毒方面的进展,其中微生物主要通过吸附和降解两方面去除黄曲霉毒素B1。