吸附法脱除丁烯中仲丁醇

针对丁烯水合生产仲丁醇过程中,剩余丁烯含有质量分数为0.1%~2.0%的仲丁醇(SBA)而不能满足工业循环的要求,开发了吸附法脱除仲丁醇的技术。对吸附剂进行了筛选,结果表明,所研制的PUMS-01吸附剂有很大的吸附容量,将其应用在兰州炼油化工总厂甲乙酮装置的侧线放大试验中,能将原料中SBA的质量浓度降至100 mg/L以下,再生后的吸附剂吸附性能良好,且稳定。     

A mathematical model of fluidized bed biomass gasification

A mathematical model of biomass gasification in a fluidized bed has been developed. It considers axial variations of concentrations and temperature in the bubble and emulsion phases. The mass balance involves instantaneous oxidation and equilibrium devolatilization of the biomass, kinetics of solid-gas gasification reactions as well as of gaseous phase reactions and interphase mass transfer and gas convection. The energy balance is solved locally for each vertical volume element, and globally on the reactor by iteration on the temperature at the bottom of the bed. Three parameters have been adjusted based on the experimental results: the heat transfer coefficient at the wall, the weighting of the kinetics of the water-gas shift reaction and the fraction of biomass carbon remaining as char after devolatilization. The model is used to simulate a pilot scale (50 kg/h) biomass gasifier, and its predictions compared to experimental measurements. The temperature and gaseous concentrations are estimated with good accuracy for the experiments using a wood feedstock, except for the concentration of hydrogen which is overestimated.     

变压吸附(PSA)空分制氧技术进展

论述了 PSA法空分制氧分子筛的开发现状和制氧工艺的进展 ,为 PSA法空分制氧今后的发展提出了研究方向     

污水厂污泥制备吸附剂及其脱硫机理研究

以城市和石化污水厂生化活性污泥及剩余污泥为原料,采用不同方法制备烟气脱硫吸附剂,对影响产物吸附性能的因素进行了研究。结果表明城市污水厂剩余污泥利用热解炭化法制备的吸附剂脱硫性能较好,其吸附过程可用Freundlich模型来描述,SO2-O2-N2体系吸附机理主要为物理吸附,SO2-O2-H2O(g)-N2体系SO2发生了催化氧化,以化学吸附为主。     

常温微量氯气吸附剂的制备及其性能研究

本实验用一次等量浸渍法制备氯气吸附剂,通过分光光度法测定进出口的微量Cl2并重点分析了影响氯气吸附剂性能的一些评价参数,对于改进测定方法,准确测定微量氯气,提高Cl2吸附剂的净化性能都具有十分重要的意义。     

伴有生物质热解的流化床中的混沌传递现象

Experiments of biomass pyrolysis were carried out in a fiuidized bed, and dynamic signals of pressure and temperature were recorded. Correlation dimension was employed to characterize the chaotic behavior of pressure and temperature signals. Both pressure and temperature signals exhibit chaotic behavior, and the chaotic behavior of temperature signals is always weaker than that of pressure signals. Chaos transfer theory was advanced to explain the above phenomena. The discussion on the algorithm of the correlation dimension shows that the distance definition based on rhombic neighborhood is a better choice than the traditional one based on spherical neighborhood. The former provides a satisfactory result in a much shorter time.     

新型菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备及对Ni2+离子吸附性能的研究

以菌丝体为核心材料 ,在其表面包覆壳聚糖膜作为吸附介质 ,制备成新型菌丝体包覆吸附剂。系统研究了菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备工艺及吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附特性 ,结果表明 ,菌丝体作核心材料优于花生壳 ,菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附容量比普通菌丝体水处理剂提高了 50 % ,并可以重复使用 1 0次 ,吸附容量没有明显降低 ;同时菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附特性较好地符合Langmuir等温方程和Freundlich等温方程     

油水乳液分离吸附材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能

采用吸附材料进行油水分离是经济且非常有效的方法。吸附材料主要有无机材料、合成高分子材料和天然有机纤维材料等。相比较而言，天然有机纤维材料为可再生生物质资源，来源广泛、生物降解性好，可有效防止二次污染，具有良好的发展潜力，备受关注。本文首先简要介绍了油水乳液稳定性的影响因素，然后综述了油水分离材料的分离原理、构建方法和分离性能等研究进展，并总结了油水乳液分离材料的表征及其分离性能的评价指标。特别地，重点总结了天然有机纤维基吸附材料分离油水乳液的研究进展。最后指出研究智能响应型天然有机纤维基油水乳液分离吸附材料是重要的发展方向。     

Chemical Reaction Engineering and Research and development of gas solid systems

A general procedure is proposed for innovative research and development of gas-solid reactor systems, with a brief explanation of the significance of each step in the procedureBased upon the contacting mode between gas and solid phases, as well as the ways of supplying thermal energy to the reacting regions, various types of gas-solid reactor systems are classified by using tables of so called “matrix” form, for thermal cracking and gasification of heavy oils, gasification of coal, gasification of solid waste, calcination of limestone, clinkering of cement and reduction of iron ore.The importance of fundamental concepts is emphasized for successful research and development by presenting several examples; namely, calcination of limestone, thermal cracking of heavy oils and gasification of solid waste materials.In connection with the direction in which fundamental research should be oriented, four primary ways of thinking are proposed, which can be applied to obtain innovative ideas for further research and development in this field.One example of the author's practical experience was selected to show the role of the fundamental research in the course of large scale development. Finally the author outlines the role of chemical reaction engineering to innovate the novel gas-solid reactor systems which may be inevitable for simultaneous solution of the three big E's; namely, Energy, Environment and Economy.     

富氮生物质热解气的分级冷凝特性研究

采用固定床热解反应系统对稻壳负载尿素进行了热解耦合分级冷凝的研究，实验采用三级冷凝的方法，对比了热解温度(400、500、600℃)和冷凝温度(30、60、90℃)对产物分布和富集的影响，研究了生物质富氮热解和分级冷凝的机理。结果表明：富氮热解促进了Maillard反应产生含氮杂环物；分级冷凝富集规律明显，一级生物油富集了高露点的酚类，二级生物油富集了低露点的含氮杂环物；提高热解温度可以增加二级生物油中含氮杂环物的含量和降低二级生物油水分含量，热解温度为500℃时，液体产物产率和酚类产物产率最大；提高冷凝温度能增强各级油组分的富集效果，并降低一级生物油水分含量，一级冷凝温度为90℃时，水分几乎完全富集在第二级中，且一级生物油酚类产物含量最高。