Effect of circulating ash from CFB boilers on NO and N2O emission

NO and N₂O emissions from circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers are determined by their formation and destruction rates in the furnace. The effect of circulating ash from a CFB boiler on NO and N₂O emissions were investigated in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor. The results show that the residue char in circulating ash and the CO generated from the char play an important role in NO reduction and N₂O formation; however, active components of circulating ash such as CaO, Fe₂O₃ accelerate the decomposition of N₂O. Experiment was also conducted on a 75 t/h CFB boiler fueled with the mixture of anthracite and biomass. The lower residue carbon content of circulating ash in this experiment is lower; therefore, the reacting rate of NO deoxidize is limited. This result verified the conclusion of laboratory research.     

从微藻中分离提取生物活性物质

本文介绍了近年来微藻培养中藻体生物量的获得及其生物活性物质提取和纯化的研究进展,为微藻活性物质的研究与开发奠定一定的理论基础。     

Arsenic removal from an aqueous solution by a modified fungal biomass

Non-viable fungal biomass of Aspergillus niger, coated with iron oxide was investigated for its potential to remove arsenic from an aqueous solution. A. niger biomass coated with iron oxide showed maximum removal (approximately 95% of As(V) and 75% of As(III)) at a pH of 6. No strong relationship was observed between the surface charge of the biomass and arsenic removal.     

Phragmites australis: a novel biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution

Reed (Phragmites australis), a commonly used macrophyte in the wetlands constructed for water purification, was investigated as a new biosorbent for the removal of Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+) and Zn(2+) from aqueous solution. The metal adsorption capacity of reed biomass was improved significantly by water-wash, base- and acid-treatment. The maximum sorption of NaOH-pretreated reed biomass was observed near neutral pH for Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Ni(2+) and Zn(2+), while that for Pb(2+) was from an acidic range of pH 4.0 or higher. The maximum metal adsorption capacity on a molar basis assumed by Langmuir model was in the order of Cu(2+)>Ni(2+)>Cd(2+)>Zn(2+)>Pb(2+). Reed biosorbent showed a very high adsorption affinity value, which helps predict its high ability to adsorb heavy metals at low concentration. Desorption of heavy metals and regeneration of the biosorbent was attained simultaneously by acid elution. Even after three cycles of adsorption-elution, the adsorption capacity was regained completely and the desorption efficiency of metal was maintained at around 90%.     

燃烧生物质成型燃料采暖热风炉的设计与试验

为弥补华北农村冬季传统采暖存在的不足,根据生物质成型燃料燃烧特性,设计制造出适合燃用生物质成型燃料的专用热风采暖炉,并对其进行了热工性能试验,结果表明,在较好工况下,其燃烧效率可达85.03％～92.06％,热效率可达44．82％～55．85％,为解决农村地区采暖问题提供了有效途径。     

论生物质能源标准体系(Ⅳ)——生物质气体燃料标准化研究进展

生物质能源是清洁可再生能源,本系列讲座以生物质能源主要产品为对象,以产品的物理形态为分类依据,在分析研究国际主要产品标准化的基础上进行我国生物质能源标准体系的构建。本讲在对国内外生物质气体燃料产业化发展状况进行深入剖析的基础上,重点介绍了沼气、生物质气化可燃气等气体燃料标准化情况。我国在沼气方面已经形成了比较完善的标准体系,应及时建立和完善生物质气化气质量及相关技术和装备标准,形成气体燃料生产、气化装置、燃气发电供热装备、性能评价等完善的技术标准体系。     

关于我国能源可持续发展的思考

我国以燃煤为主的能源结构面临着环境与发展的双重压力,必须发展适合我国国情的可持续发展的能源系统。以煤气化为核心的多联产联合系统是洁净煤技术的最重要的方面之一;生物质能是理想的可再生能源,从长远来看,必将代替化石燃料成为新型能源系统的重要组成部分。     

硝酸钠对发状念珠蓝细菌CO2间断通气培养的影响

研究了不同浓度NaNO3对CO2间断通气培养与NaHCO3添加培养条件下发状念珠蓝细菌生长、光合速率、胞外多糖积累、蛋白质含量、色素含量、磷酸根与硝酸根消耗、细胞固碳率以及光合效率的影响。结果表明,在CO2通气条件下添加NaNO3能够显著促进发状念珠蓝细菌的生长。2.0 g/L的NaNO3为最佳浓度,干重达到1.56 g/L,为对照的2.29倍,呼吸与净光合速率达到最大。当NaNO3浓度达到2.5 g/L时,藻细胞干重停止增加。细胞叶绿素含量随着NaNO3浓度的增加而增加。硝酸钠添加组胞外多糖的含量相比不添加组均下降,但添加组的多糖含量随NaNO3浓度的增加而增加。细胞蛋白质含量随NaNO3浓度的增加而增加,在2.0 g/L时达到最高。与生物量的增加相对应,细胞对两种盐分的利用率在NaNO3为2.0 g/L时达到最大。CO2通气培养时添加NaHCO3可进一步促进细胞的生长。在两种碳源同时存在时,NaNO3对细胞的生长促进作用与单一碳源存在培养时类似。     

含水树脂吸附剂在烃-醇二元溶液中的吸附

研究了DOO1和TS -TR树脂在非水烃 -醇溶液中的吸附 ,考察了不同水含量的两种树脂在正丁醇 -正庚烷、乙醇 -正己烷组成的二元混合溶液中的等温吸附特性 ,用NBP -a模型建立了相应的等温吸附数学模型 ,并就树脂水含量对其表面能量非均匀性的影响进行了初步研究 ,用Stieltjes变换法对树脂表面能量非均匀密度函数给出了分析解 .结果表明 ,吸附剂表面能量非均匀性及溶液非理想性是影响等温吸附的重要因素 ,极性的DOO1树脂水含量增加 ,其表面能量非均匀性增强 ,非极性TS -TR树脂水含量变化 ,其表面能量非均匀性也有明显变化 .模型拟合与实验吻合很好     

环保生物质包装材料的制备及性能研究

目的研究一种环保生物质包装材料的热压成形制备工艺,并对其性能进行评价。方法将凤眼莲作为生物质原材料,通过磨浆并经水浴处理之后,添加助剂配方并经热压成形制备了环保生物质包装材料。将助剂配方、热压温度、热压压力作为影响因素,进行正交试验,选取尺寸稳定性、力学性能、防水性能作为指标,对其性能进行检测和综合评价。结果加入海藻酸钠(0.8%),CMC-Na(0.4%),琼脂(0.8%)作为胶黏剂,尿素(2%)作为增塑剂,乳化石蜡(1%)作为防水剂,在热压温度为150℃,压力为10 MPa条件下制得的生物质包装材料具有较好的综合性能。结论通过加入环保助剂配方,采用热压工艺可以制备出性能良好的生物质包装材料。