问答系统研究现状

问答系统是信息检索的高级形式,也是该领域的研究重点和热点。该文首先给出问答系统的定义,然后对现有各类问答系统进行了介绍,并对其核心技术、测评标准进行了分析,最后对问答系统的发展方向进行了展望。     

餐厅服务机器人的引导探索

对于在餐厅、家庭或类似环境下工作的移动式服务机器人,能准确的引导到指定的工作位置是机器人设计的一个重要环节.针对这个问题,提出一种基于超声波引导的三角定位法解决方案.用低成本传感器和简单的算法使服务机器人能够获得较高精度的当前位置数据,引导到达工作位置.文章详细介绍了该方法的定位原理以及实现方法.     

机器鱼水球比赛中“非精确”策略的探析

策略在机器鱼水球比赛中起着至关重要的作用,本文以策略的编写为出发点,通过对机器鱼在水球比赛中路径的分析,结合机器鱼在比赛中的可能出现的实际情况,提出了一种新的策略,即＂非精确＂策略,接着对该策略进行了介绍,与其他策略进行了比较,并阐述了其优点。     

足球反作用力下仿人机器人姿态控制研究

本文以仿人机器人踢足球为例,以现实机器人为原型,利用Solidworks建立了仿人机器人的三维机械结构模型,利用ADAMS和Simulink联合仿真的方法,仿真得到了机器人踢足球的整个过程,利用ZMP理论实时求得机器人的重心轨迹,计算与理想轨迹的偏差,通过改变机器人姿态以减小偏差,实现了对机器人的闭环控制,提高了机器人在受外力作用下的稳定性,并进行了实物实验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

移动焊接机器人焊缝跟踪控制研究及仿真

为了解决轮式移动焊接机器人的焊缝跟踪问题,文中从移动焊接机器人的运动学和动力学模型出发,采用分段运动学到动力学的方法设计焊缝跟踪控制器。控制算法结合积分Backstepping算法和单层神经元网络控制算法,利用单层神经元网络的自学习和自适应能力克服机器人模型参数部分未知和扰动的影响,使跟踪更加快速、平滑。经MATLAB仿真验证了该控制算法的有效性。     

未知环境下的移动机器人环境建模研究

环境建模技术是移动机器人自主导航研究中的一个关键问题。本文给出一种基于多传感器信息融合的环境建模方法。实验结果表明该方法有效地克服了传感器的累计误差,有效地提高了环境建模的准确性。此方法的可行性和有效性通过Pioneer3-DX移动机器人得到了实验验证。     

Design and control of a planar bipedal robot ERNIE with parallel knee compliance

This paper presents the development of the planar bipedal robot ERNIE as well as numerical and experimental studies of the influence of parallel knee joint compliance on the energetic efficiency of walking in ERNIE. ERNIE has 5 links—a torso, two femurs and two tibias—and is configured to walk on a treadmill so that it can walk indefinitely in a confined space. Springs can be attached across the knee joints in parallel with the knee actuators. The hybrid zero dynamics framework serves as the basis for control of ERNIE’s walking. In the investigation of the effects of compliance on the energetic efficiency of walking, four cases were studied: one without springs and three with springs of different stiffnesses and preloads. It was found that for low-speed walking, the addition of soft springs may be used to increase energetic efficiency, while stiffer springs decrease the energetic efficiency. For high-speed walking, the addition of either soft or stiff springs increases the energetic efficiency of walking, while stiffer springs improve the energetic efficiency more than do softer springs. Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A bacterial colony growth algorithm for mobile robot localization

Achieving robot autonomy is a fundamental objective in Mobile Robotics. However in order to realize this goal, a robot must be aware of its location within an environment. Therefore, the localization problem (i.e.,the problem of determining robot pose relative to a map of its environment) must be addressed. This paper proposes a new biology-inspired approach to this problem. It takes advantage of models of species reproduction to provide a suitable framework for maintaining the multi-hypothesis. In addition, various strategies to track robot pose are proposed and investigated through statistical comparisons. The Bacterial Colony Growth Algorithm (BCGA) provides two different levels of modeling: a background level that carries on the multi-hypothesis and a foreground level that identifies the best hypotheses according to an exchangeable strategy. Experiments, carried out on the robot ATRV-Jr manufactured by iRobot, show the effectiveness of the proposed BCGA.

An autonomous educational mobile robot mediator

So far, most of the applications of robotic technology to education have mainly focused on supporting the teaching of subjects that are closely related to the Robotics field, such as robot programming, robot construction, or mechatronics. Moreover, most of the applications have used the robot as an end or a passive tool of the learning activity, where the robot has been constructed or programmed. In this paper, we present a novel application of robotic technologies to education, where we use the real world situatedness of a robot to teach non-robotic related subjects, such as math and physics. Furthermore, we also provide the robot with a suitable degree of autonomy to actively guide and mediate in the development of the educational activity. We present our approach as an educational framework based on a collaborative and constructivist learning environment, where the robot is able to act as an interaction mediator capable of managing the interactions occurring among the working students. We illustrate the use of this framework by a 4-step methodology that is used to implement two educational activities. These activities were tested at local schools with encouraging results. Accordingly, the main contributions of this work are: i) A novel use of a mobile robot to illustrate and teach relevant concepts and properties of the real world; ii) A novel use of robots as mediators that autonomously guide an educational activity using a collaborative and constructivist learning approach; iii) The implementation and testing of these ideas in a real scenario, working with students at local schools.

一种有腿机器人步态轨迹生成算法

目前存在一类有腿机器人,由于其底层动力学控制参数难于获取,行走设计无法使用已有的控制方法,现有的基于建模的步态存在缺乏完善规划,固定规划步态与实际步态相差较大的问题,针对这个问题,提出一种使用曲线拟合生成步态轨迹的想法,通过引入遗传算法,让机器人能自主的搜索良好的行走步态轨迹,在四足步行机器人平台上取得了良好的实验结果.