A 3D Constitutive Model for Magnetostrictive Materials

This paper is concerned with a 3-D general constitutive law of nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic coupling for magnetostrictive materials. The model considered here is thermodynamically motivated and based on the Gibbs free energy function. A set of closed and analytical expressions of the constitutive relationships for the magnetostrictive materials are obtained, in which all parameters can be determined by those measurable experiments in mechanics and physics. Then the model can be simplified to two cases, i.e. magnetostrictive rods and films. It is found that the predictions from this model are in good accordance with the experimental data including both rods and films. In particular, the effects of pre-stress or in-plane residual stress and environment temperature on the magnetization or the magnetostriction are also discussed.     

土的超固结和结构性本构模型评述

针对以剑桥模型为代表的常规弹塑性本构模型不能反映土的超固结和结构性的缺陷,对前人研究的本构模型进行了分类,总结和评价了土的超固结和结构性弹塑性本构模型,指出了模型的不足和深入研究的重点,并探讨了建立能同时反映土的超固结和结构性本构模型的重要性,提出了进一步研究的建议。     

一种新的直觉模糊相似矩阵构造方法

基于直觉模糊相似度和相异度,研究了直觉模糊相似矩阵构造问题。给出了直觉模糊相似度和相异度的标准定义,选取了有效的直觉模糊相似度量和相异度量方法;在分析了现有的几种直觉模糊相似矩阵构造方法基础上,提出了一种新的直觉模糊相似矩阵构造方法。通过算例分析,验证了方法的有效性。     

H13钢电渣锭热变形本构模型的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对H13钢电渣锭进行热压缩变形试验,研究了在900~1 150℃和不同应变速率条件下的真应力-应变关系。结果发现,变形温度对H13钢电渣锭热变形的流变应力有明显的影响,即流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,但变形速度对其影响较小。根据最小二乘法原理,对H13钢电渣锭在不同温度和不同应变速率条件下的应力-应变关系进行了多元线性回归分析,建立了H13钢电渣锭的热变形本构模型。     

7B04铝合金时效成形本构模型研究与有限元应用

通过ABAQUS软件的二次开发,将蠕变-时效本构模型应用于铝合金时效成形的有限元分析,得出铝合金等厚板在时效成形过程中的等效蠕变应变、屈服强度,以及析出相尺寸和分布的变化规律,并通过铝合金等厚板弯曲-时效成形的实验,验证了模型的准确性。     

粉末冶金Ti-1.5Fe-2.25Mo钛合金的热变形本构方程

采用元素粉末法制备Ti-1.5Fe-2.25Mo合金,在Thermec-Master Z热模拟机上对该合金进行等温压缩试验。实验温度为650～900℃,变形速率0.01～10 s-1。以经典的双曲正弦形式的模型为基础,对热模拟真应力-真应变曲线进行计算和分析,建立粉末冶金Ti-1.5Fe-2.25Mo合金高温本构方程。研究表明,β相区等温压缩时,合金流变应力快速达到峰值然后进入稳态流变变形阶段,应力指数n=4.24,应变激活能Q=378.01 kJ/mol。而在α+β两相区等温压缩时,合金在较低应变速率(≤0.1 s-1)下,曲线经过应力峰后出现不同程度的加工软化现象;在应变速率≥1 s-1条件下,呈现出1种稳态变形,热变形的应力指数n=6.77,应变激活能Q=257.73 kJ/mol。所得结果为粉末冶金钛合金锻造成形提供了一定的理论依据。     

基于沈珠江双屈服面模型理论的土体弹塑性模型

由于常用的邓肯E-μ、E-B模型的经验公式不能同时很好地反映粗粒土三轴剪切试验结果低围压剪胀、高围压剪缩变形特点,邓肯E-μ、E-B模型基于的广义虎克定律不能反映土体剪胀剪缩特性,所以笔者应用笔者发现的三轴剪切体变规律和沈珠江双屈服面模型理论相结合建立了基于沈珠江双屈服面模型理论的弹塑性模型,该模型能够很好地反映土体的剪胀剪缩特性,能够准确地拟合等围压剪切试验结果,能够很好地预测等应力比路径,等平均主应力路径,等大主应力,小主应力减小路径,小主应力和剪应力同等减小的应力路径的试验结果。     

黄土剪切蠕变特性试验研究

 通过对陕西杨凌地区Q3黄土的直接剪切蠕变试验,研究原状、重塑和饱和黄土的蠕变特性。结果表明：原状、重塑和饱和黄土均具有蠕变特性;相同试验条件下,饱和黄土的蠕变速率最快,蠕变变形量最大,重塑黄土次之,原状黄土蠕变现象较不明显。根据蠕变曲线形态特征,建议一种对数型蠕变模型;选用分数线性蠕变模型模拟杨凌地区Q3黄土的剪切蠕变特性,经验证,该模型能很好地描述杨凌地区Q3黄土的剪切蠕变特性。另外,基于试验数据,拟合出剪切模量和法向应力、时间的关系,为确定剪切模量提供一条新途径。     

Prospective reciprocal relations between physical activity and depression in female adolescents.

Objective: Although an inverse correlation between physical activity and depression among adolescents has been found in research, this relation has seldom been examined prospectively. Thus, we tested whether physical activity reduces risk for future escalations in depression and whether depression decreases likelihood of future change in physical activity. Method: Data from a longitudinal study involving annual assessments of 496 adolescent girls (mean age = 13 years, SD = 0.73) followed over a 6-year period were analyzed to address these questions. Results: Using analyses that controlled for several covariates, we found that physical activity significantly reduced risk for future increases in depressive symptoms and risk for onset of major–minor depression. Further, depressive symptoms and major–minor depression significantly reduced future physical activity. However, predictive effects were modest for both. Conclusions: Results support a bidirectional relation between exercise and depression and imply that interventions that increase physical activity may reduce risk for depression among this high-risk population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Power and conflict resolution in sibling, parent–child, and spousal negotiations.

This study used a within-family observational design to examine conflict strategies (planning, opposition) and resolutions (standoff, win-loss, compromise) across family subsystems, with an emphasis on power differences between parents and children during relatively symmetrical within-generation (spousal, sibling) and relatively asymmetrical between-generation (parent–child) dyadic interactions. Up to six dyads in 67 families (children's ages ranging from 3 to 12 years) discussed an unresolved conflict. Results revealed that within-generation discussions ended more in standoff, whereas between-generation discussions ended with more win-loss resolutions. Multilevel analyses indicated that parents engaged in more planning and opposition than children; however, they opposed more and planned less with their spouses than their children. In general, more planning and less opposition were associated with achieving resolutions rather than failing to resolve differences. Some effects were qualified by within-family differences between mothers versus fathers and older versus younger siblings, as well as between-family differences in younger siblings' age. Implications for theories of power and family relationship dynamics are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)