Sodium Reduction in Bread: A Role for Glasswort (Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods)

Excessive dietary sodium (salt) intake is a primary cause of high blood pressure and, consequently, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The World Health Organization wants to reduce the current sodium mean intake of approximately 4 g/d by half. Bread is commonly consumed and a major source of sodium. Therefore, reducing sodium content in bread would bring important economic and public health benefits. Thus, the goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of salt in bread manufacturing, summarize already tested reduction strategies, and explore glasswort (Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods) as a salt substitute. Some alternatives to the sodium additives often used in the bread‐making process are also suggested. For this, an extensive literature review was carried out. Overall, salt reduction in bread, while maintaining product quality, is difficult to accomplish due to its multifunctional role in the bread‐making process. Several strategies have been tried so far, with only partial success. Consequently, the use of glasswort (S. ramosissima J. Woods) as salt substitute shows great potential. However, other research is still needed to safely implement it in the baking industry. On the other hand, the reduction of salt alone is not the complete answer, and the replacement of sodium‐based additives also needs to be considered to effectively lower sodium consumption.     

HPLC-DAD法测定馒头中喹啉黄、食用绿S和亮绿3种色素含量的研究

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)串联紫外器(DAD)测定馒头中3种色素含量的方法。以无水乙醇—氨水—水(7:2:1)溶液作为提取溶剂,用超声辅助提取样品中的色素,用HPLC-DAD进行检测,检测波长425 nm、624 nm,色谱柱为PAK CAPCELL C_(18)(5μm,4.6×200 mm),流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温35℃,以甲醇-乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。结果表明:3种色素分离度较好,具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),重现性、精密度良好(RSD%均小于3%),检出限食用绿S为0.848 4 ng、喹啉黄为6.833 9 ng、亮绿为1.336 0 ng,平均加标回收率为91%~105%。该方法简单、快速、灵敏度高、回收率高、检出限低,适用于馒头中喹啉黄、食用绿S、亮绿含量的测定。     

国产卧式双螺旋辊馒头成形机的分析研究

本文简述了卧式双螺旋辊馒头成形机的主要结构 ,传动原理和成形原理 ,并提出了馒头机需改进和提高的内容     

新型保健食品——土豆面包的研制

研究了用土豆淀粉生产面包的较佳原料配比方案,分析了土豆淀粉对面包品质和面团品质的影响规律。结果表明,以土豆淀粉为主生产土豆面包是可行的,其生产用原料的较佳配比为:土豆淀粉60%、谷朊粉18%、小麦面粉22%。土豆淀粉的添加比例与面包的体积显著负相关;当添加比例小于50%时,随着土豆淀粉的添加比例的增大,面包的其它表观性状均有不同程度的好转。土豆淀粉的加入对面团品质影响较大:随着土豆淀粉比例的增大,评价值增大,吸水率下降,软化度先升后降。当土豆淀粉添加比例达90%时,不能形成面团。     

基于BP神经网络的面包工业化生产发酵程度视觉判定

目的:建立BP神经网络模型来实现对面团发酵成熟度的精准判定.方法:利用机器视觉技术采集并处理面包发酵过程的图片,获取图片的量化信息,建立了一种基于BP(back propagation)神经网络的面包发酵程度预测模型.将时间、面积、瞬时速度、膨胀率、灰度值能量、灰度值相互关系、灰度值均匀性、灰度值对比度,作为输入神经元...     

核磁共振研究膳食纤维面包制作过程的水分迁移行为

利用核磁共振测定三种不同配方面包在制作过程(和面、发酵、醒发和焙烤)中质子的自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2),面团中流动性不同的水分,表现出不同的弛豫时间。实验表明,在面包制作过程中,其束缚相和自由相的迁移行为不同,此外140MPa处理的膳食纤维具有强持水性,添加至面包中可改善其储藏性。     

Interaction between nitrogen and sulfur by foliar application and its effects on flour bread‐making quality

BACKGROUND: Optimization of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) nutrition of wheat influences the bread‐making quality of grain. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of N and S in winter wheat at anthesis stage during two field trials could influence the absorption and distribution of N and S in grain and flour bread‐making quality RESULTS: The incorporation of ¹⁵N and ³⁴S tracers in various plant parts (leaves, stems, spikes) was determined by isotopic ratio mass spectrometry coupled with an elemental analyser (EA‐IRMS). The effects of foliar fertilization on percentage of ¹⁵N and ³⁴S recovery in various plant parts, grain yield, flour protein content, and dough properties were investigated after a combination of treatments: N (urea), S (micronized elemental S) and NS (both urea and micronized elemental S). Nitrogen (70–80%) and S (35–55%) were quickly assimilated during the days following application. Sixty days after application, 42–68% N and 6–12% S were recovered in the grain. When N and S fertilizers were applied simultaneously, N and S recoveries (68% and 12%), N/S ratios (11–14), flour protein content (115 g kg^?1) and dough strength (310 × 10^?4 J), swelling (21.8 mmH₂O) and extensibility (96.4 mm) were increased. CONCLUSION: A synergistic effect between the foliar applied N and S fertilizers appears to increase N and S assimilation in grain and may improve bread‐making qualities. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

膨松剂对自发粉馒头品质的影响

以特一粉为基础粉,采用优选的方法,从不同的膨松剂组合中选择最佳的配比,分析对比了各种组合对自发粉馒头品质的影响.结果表明:单一的碳酸氢钠不能直接用于自发粉中;馒头用自发粉配方应采用两性复合膨松剂;以小苏打0.5 g,葡萄糖酸内酯1.0 g,高活性酵母1.0 g,L-半胱氨酸0.01 g(200 g面粉计)制作出的馒头品质较好.     

可溶性玉米膳食纤维在面包中的应用

本实验研究了可溶性玉米膳食纤维面包的最佳配方,及其可溶性玉米膳食纤维对面包质构特性、面包老化和面团流变学特性的影响。     

抗性淀粉对馒头的感官评价及物性的影响

抗性淀粉的特性与膳食纤维基本相似,但它又不同于膳食纤维。抗性淀粉添加到食品中后,它不会像膳食纤维那样影响食品的感官和质构。但当较高含量的抗性淀粉添加于小麦粉中,在一定程度上恶化了小麦粉的加工性能。实验证明：将中筋粉中添加5%左右的抗性淀粉制作馒头,既可保证馒头的保健品质又不失其食用品质及感官品质。