乳化剂影响新鲜及冷冻面团面包品质的研究

研究了硬酯酰乳酸钠(SSL)、卵磷脂、单甘酯、蔗糖酯、双乙酰酒石酸甘油酯(DATEM)等几种面包加工常用乳化剂对新鲜面团及冷冻面团的力学特性及面包的质构和感官品质的影响。结果表明,乳化剂的添加会显著提高新鲜面团的力学特性和新鲜面团面包的感官品质,卵磷脂为最适乳化剂,适宜添加量为0.45%(面粉为基数);乳化剂对冷冻面团的力学特性的影响不显著,但可以显著改善冷冻面团面包感官品质,SSL为最适乳化剂,适宜添加量为0.30%(面粉为基数)。     

发酵麦麸及其面包面团中阿拉伯木聚糖溶解性与酚酸释放研究

将发酵麦麸作为功能配料用于高膳食纤维面包面团制作,采用化学分析、高效液相色谱及离子色谱法分析麦麸发酵、面包制作过程及面包中阿拉伯木聚糖溶解性和酚类化合物释放。结果表明：随着发酵时间延长,麦麸中水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖、游离酚及阿魏酸含量逐渐增加。发酵处理后,麦麸中游离阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量增加,水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖含量显著提高,分支度显著下降（P＜0.05）。面包搅拌、醒发及烘焙过程中,阿拉伯木聚糖不断溶解,酚类化合物持续释放;富含发酵麦麸的面包中水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖含量及分支度更高。模拟肠、胃消化后,富含发酵麦麸的面包中游离酚和阿魏酸含量更高,且吸收效果好。此外,发酵麦麸显著提高了面包的抗氧化活性。     

Germination Conditions Affect Selected Quality of Composite Wheat-Germinated Brown Rice Flour and Bread Formulations

Abstract: Brown rice has been reported to be more nutritious after germination. Germinated brown rice flours (GBRFs) from different steeping conditions (in distilled water [DI, pH 6.8] or in a buffer solution [pH 3] for either 24 or 48 h at 35 °C) were evaluated in this study. GBRF obtained from brown rice steeped at pH 3 for 48 h contained the highest amount of free gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA; 67 mg/100 g flour). The composite flour (wheat-GBRF) at a ratio of 70 : 30 exhibited significantly lower peak viscosity (PV) (56.99 – 132.45 RVU) with higher alpha-amylase activity (SN = 696 – 1826) compared with those of wheat flour (control) (PV = 136.46 RVU and SN = 1976). Bread formulations, containing 30% GBRF, had lower loaf volume and greater hardness (P < 0.05) than the wheat bread. However, the hardness of bread containing 30% GBRF (except at pH 6.8 and 24 h) was significantly lower than that of bread containing 30% nongerminated brown rice flour (BRF). Acceptability scores for aroma, taste, and flavor of breads prepared with or without GBRFs (30% substitution) were not significantly different, with the mean score ranging from 6.1 (like slightly) to 7 (like moderately). Among the bread formulations containing GBRF, the one with GBRF prepared after 24 h steeping at pH 3 had a slightly higher (though not significant) overall liking score (6.8). This study demonstrated that it is feasible to substitute wheat flour with up to 30% GBRF in bread formulation without negatively affecting sensory acceptance. Practical Application: Our previous study revealed that flours from germinated brown rice have better nutritional properties, particularly gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), than the nongerminated one. This study demonstrated feasibility of incorporating up to 30% germinated brown rice flour in a wheat bread formulation without negatively affecting sensory acceptance. In the current United States market, this type of bread may be sold as frozen bread which would have a longer shelf life. Further study is thus needed.     

海带葛根红枣馒头的生产工艺

本实验通过一次发酵法,研究海带葛根红枣馒头的生产工艺,并探讨海带泥、葛根汁和红枣泥的添加量对馒头品质的影响,结果表明,在1000g面粉中加入180g海带泥、用250g葛根泥以及100g红枣泥来进行和面,同时加入25ml蜂蜜得到的馒头品质最好,在生产中控制和面时间30min,醒发时间90min,面团的pH值6.0,生产的海带葛根红枣馒头品质最好。     

豆渣面包质构及风味评价

在研制出豆渣面包的基础上,比较研究了豆渣面包与普通面包的品质差异。通过控制变量法,对两种面包产品的感官,质构以及风味进行了比较和评价。结果表明,以面粉100%计,加入面粉质量10%的干豆渣、43%的豆浆及10%的黄油时,所得产品品质优良,风味独特;加入豆渣粉的面包感官评分较普通面包好;豆渣面包的硬度、黏结性和咀嚼性比普通面包大,而粘性和弹性却不如普通面包;含豆渣面包与普通面包气味成分差别不显著。     

混合试验仪确定冷冻面团馒头复配添加剂最佳配方

利用混合试验仪研究硬酯酰乳酸钠（SSL）、黄原胶、抗坏血酸（VC）对冷冻面团特性的影响。通过单因素试验、正交试验确定了冷冻面团复配添加剂的最佳配方为SSL0.1%、VC0.010%和黄原胶0.3%。用不同复配添加剂配方制作冷冻面团馒头,利用感官品质评分、质构品质测定进行综合评价,最佳结果与Mixolab试验结果一致。     

不同碾磨方式小米糠对小麦面团特性及馒头品质的影响

利用多功能粉碎机、流化床式气流粉碎机与行星式球磨机对小米糠进行物理改性,以探究不同碾磨方式、不同添加量的小米糠对小麦面团特性及馒头品质的影响。结果表明,随小米糠粒径减小,持水力、水膨胀力、持油力均提高,其中气流碾磨的效果最明显,分别提高44.29%、41.67%、39.45%。馒头硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性随添加量和粒径增大而增加,比容随添加量和粒径增大而减小,色差L^*值随添加量的增加而下降,随粒度减小而上升。当普通碾磨米糠质量分数不高于5%,气流与球磨碾磨小米糠质量分数不高于10%时,综合感官评分最高。     

碱添加量对米酒酸面团及馒头品质的影响

该实验研究了碱添加量对面团的pH、湿面筋含量、面筋指数及馒头的比容、硬度、白度、感官评分的影响。结果表明,碱添加量与pH值呈线性关系。碱添加量为0.20%时,显著降低了面团中湿面筋含量,但提高了面筋指数。碱添加量＞0.20%之后,馒头的感官评分、白度、比容呈现降低趋势,硬度呈现上升趋势。相关性分析结果表明,面团pH值与馒头的比容、白度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）;与馒头的感官评分呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。面团湿面筋含量与馒头比容呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）,与馒头硬度呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）。面团面筋指数与面团比容呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与馒头硬度呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）。     

葵花籽油基油凝胶在面包及冰淇淋产品中的应用研究

以葵花籽油为基料油,食品级植物蜡(米糠蜡、蜂蜡、棕榈蜡)作为凝胶剂构建油凝胶,分别以黄油、起酥油、葵花籽油作对照烘焙面包,以黄油、淡奶油作对照制备冰淇淋,对比分析不同油脂制作的面包和冰淇淋的感官及物性。结果表明:与对照组面包相比,油凝胶面包在各项指标上均无太大劣势,同时,油凝胶面包烘焙损失率比用传统黄油和起酥油烘焙面包小,且饱和脂肪酸含量降低;在抗融化性能方面,蜂蜡油凝胶冰淇淋和棕榈蜡油凝胶冰淇淋的抗融化性能好于黄油冰淇淋,但油凝胶冰淇淋膨胀率较低,不利于冰淇淋形成疏松绵软结构,且有少许蜡感,还需进一步改进。     

3种酶制剂对生产面包的体积影响

研究真菌木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶对面粉粉质及拉伸性能的影响,并考察真菌α-淀粉酶、真菌木聚糖酶和β-葡聚糖酶3种单酶对面包的作用效果。通过正交试验确立20 mg/kg真菌α-淀粉酶、50mg/kg真菌木聚糖酶和50 mg/kgβ-葡聚糖为加工面包的最优化工艺条件。在上述条件下,面包平均体积为885 mL,该体积比不使用酶制剂的平均体积提高了17%。