葡萄栽培品种花芽高节位分化观察研究

在管理良好、植株健壮的条件下，葡萄花芽高节位分化是一个普遍的现象。一年生枝从低节位到高节位均可形成正常的花芽，并能正常开花结果，而且高节位分化花芽对当年的果实品质及次年的花芽分化无不良的影响。合理利用这一特性对促进葡萄幼树早丰产有重要的指导意义。     

甜菜雄性不育系及保持系花期蛋白差异分析

为揭示甜菜雄性不育的原因,从蛋白质组学角度对甜菜细胞质雄性不育进行研究,利用双向电泳与MALDI-TOF-MS方法,对Owen型甜菜质核互作型雄性不育系DY5-CMS及同型保持系DY5-O花粉发育3个阶段(雄蕊原基分化期、四分体时期和单核时期)的花蕾蛋白差异表达进行研究．结果表明： 在雄蕊原基分化期花蕾中鉴定出6个差异蛋白,在四分体时期鉴定出4个差异蛋白,这些蛋白多数与呼吸和能量代谢有关,推测甜菜细胞质雄性不育可能是花粉发育早期(雄蕊原基分化期和四分体时期)与能量和呼吸代谢有关的蛋白表达上调导致呼吸和能量代谢紊乱造成的;在花粉发育的单核时期鉴定出6个差异蛋白,这些蛋白主要与植物的光合作用有关,推测到花粉发育后期雄性不育性状已形成,雄性不育导致植物光合机能下降．     

大豆中总醛含量变化与大豆腥味的关联研究

本研究用水稻芽粉对不同产地的两种大豆进行脱腥处理,并测定其总醛含量,考查总醛与豆腥味的关系.实验发现大豆的豆腥味同醛类有密切关系,豆乳总醛含量最低的工艺为:温度50℃,加酶量2%,pH8.0,加酶反应时间2hr.     

打顶后供钾水平对烟草体内钾素积累分配的影响

本试验采用砂培和营养液培养的方式,探索了打顶后供钾水平对烟草体内钾素积累分配的影响。结果表明,打顶能够促进烟株的生长,增加生物量。钾素在烟株体内移动活跃,无钾培养烟株的根部有大量钾素向叶片运输;提高供钾水平,烟株的钾浓度和钾含量显著提高。打顶后烟株的钾浓度和钾含量下降,但钾素在叶片的积累量增加,上部叶片的钾含量显著提高。     

Impact of node position and bearer length on the yield components in mechanically pruned Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.)

Background and Aims: Bunch number per node or shoot varies significantly between seasons and is a major cause of yield variation. Varying total node numbers by pruning is the least expensive way to regulate yield. However, there is little information available on how varying bearer length (and thus node number) in a machine‐pruned canopy alters yield components. Methods and Results: The impact of bearer length on yield components was investigated in a mechanically pruned vineyard in Coonawarra, South Australia. Yield components were analysed according to the node position on the bearer at which the shoot arose. Both budburst and inflorescence number per node were highest at the distal node positions regardless of bearer length. When node positions two and three were located in the two most distal nodes made terminal by the pruning, they were significantly more fruitful than equivalent nodes on longer bearers. Shoots that arose from the two most distal node positions had the highest flower number per inflorescence and berry number per bunch. Conclusions: Budburst, and the number and size of the inflorescence and bunch were affected more by the node position at which the shoot occurred relative to the cut end of the bearer, than the position of the node from the base of the bearer. Significance of the Study: Our understanding of how pruning regimes impact on yield and how these pruning regimes may be modified to achieve a target yield has been improved.     

丁香精油的超临界CO_2和溶剂回流萃取及其GC-MS分析

研究了超临界CO2流体萃取技术(SFE)和溶剂回流法萃取丁香精油,所得精油经气相色谱(GC)-质谱(MS)分析。结果显示:溶剂回流法宜采用正己烷为溶剂,最佳工艺条件为:料液比(g∶mL)1∶15、回流温度80℃、回流时间30min;SFE最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度45℃、萃取压力12MPa、解析温度50℃、萃取时间90min。验证试验显示:SFE法收油率达到21.04%,高于溶剂回流法(17.401%),所得精油色泽和流动性较优。经GC-MS分析显示:所得精油的组成相似,但含量不同,溶剂回流法除β-石竹烯的含量略高外,3种主要活性物质丁香酚、乙酰基丁香酚、β-石竹烯的的含量和提取率均低于SFE法提取的精油。SFE法是提取丁香精油值得推广和有前景的一种方法。     

蒙顶黄芽水溶性成分LC-TOF/MS指纹图谱及定量分析

用液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用仪（LC-TOF/MS）研究四川蒙顶黄芽指纹图谱,并对蒙顶黄芽的主要水溶性成分进行定量分析,为四川蒙顶黄芽的成分分析与鉴别提供理论依据。以24个蒙顶黄芽样品为实验材料,采用梯度洗脱（A相为0.1%甲酸溶液,B相为乙腈）,柱温30℃,检测波长278 nm,流速0.2 mL/min,建立蒙顶黄芽LC-TOF/MS指纹图谱,确定共有色谱峰,并进行了定量分析。24个蒙顶黄芽样品具有16个共有色谱峰,确定了9种化合物,分别为GC（没食子儿茶素）、EGC（表没食子儿茶素）、CAF（咖啡碱）、C（儿茶素）、EC（表儿茶素）、EGCG（表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯）、GCG（没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯）、ECG（表儿茶素没食子酸酯）与CG（儿茶素没食子酸酯）;定量分析表明,不经过闷黄工艺制成的蒙顶黄芽GC、EGC含量较低,EGCG、ECG含量较高;而用陈茶炒黄的蒙顶黄芽EGCG含量均较低;因子分析表明,14个品质成分综合为4个公因子,前4个公因子的特征值大于1且累计贡献率达80.44%,主要代表性指标为儿茶素类、咖啡碱、蛋白质和糖类等;当临界值小于20时,通过聚类分析将24个样品分为4类。根据构建的蒙顶黄芽LC-TOF/MS指纹图谱,可以鉴定和评价不同工艺的四川蒙顶黄芽。     

紫花苜蓿芽及其产品中氨基酸含量的测定与营养分析

通过氨基酸分析仪分别测定了紫花苜蓿芽及其产品中氨基酸的含量,分别计算了必需氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量(E/T)、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(E/N)、氨基酸评分(AAS)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI),综合评价苜蓿芽及其产品的食用价值。测定结果表明,紫花苜蓿芽及其产品中含有18种氨基酸,包含9种必需氨基酸。紫花苜蓿芽和苜蓿芽产品中氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸、E/T、E/N分别为25.27%和18.75%、9.34%和7.757%、36.96%和41.37%、58.63%和70.56%。紫花苜蓿芽及其产品必需氨基酸中苏氨酸的含量都最高,色氨酸是紫花苜蓿芽及其产品共同的第一限制性氨基酸,氨基酸评分分别是56.74%和98.58%。在紫花苜蓿芽中含硫氨基酸(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸)是第二限制性氨基酸,而在其产品中不是。必需氨基酸指数计算结果表明,苜蓿芽及其产品蛋白均属优质蛋白。综合评价认为苜蓿芽及其产品中蛋白质具有很高的食用价值,该苜蓿产品加工工艺提高了苜蓿蛋白的食用价值。     

暗紫贝母愈伤组织和不定芽诱导研究

目的：对暗紫贝母愈伤组织和不定芽诱导进行研究。方法：以暗紫贝母新鲜鳞茎为外植体,在附加NAA和6-BA不同浓度配比的MS培养基上进行离体培养。结果：鲜鳞茎能诱导形成愈伤组织和不定芽。其中,NAA1.2mg/L＋6-BA1.8mg/L的MS培养基中外植体愈伤组织诱导率最高,达53.3%;NAA1.2mg/L＋6-BA1.6mg/L的MS培养基中外植体不定芽诱导率最高,达73.3%。结论：建立了暗紫贝母愈伤组织和不定芽诱导的培养方法。     

Assembly interdependence among the S. cerevisiae bud neck ring proteins Elm1p,Hsl1p and Cdc12p

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a complex comprising more than 20 different polypeptides assembles in a ring at the neck between the mother cell and the bud. This complex functions to coordinate cell morphology with cell division. Relatively little is known about this control system, including the physical relationships between the components of the neck ring. This study addressed the assembly interactions of three components of the ring, specifically the protein kinases Elm1p and Hsl1p and the septin Cdc12p. Specific amino acid substitutions in each of these three proteins were identified that either cause or suppress a characteristic phenotype of abnormally elongated cells and delay in the G(2)-M transition. Each protein was fused to green fluorescent protein, and its ability to localize at the neck was monitored in vivo in cells of various genotypes. Localization of Hsl1p to the neck requires Elm1p function. Elm1p localized normally in the absence of Hsl1p, although a specific point mutation in Hsl1p clearly affected Elm1p localization. The cdc12-122 mutation prevented assembly of Elm1p or Hsl1p into the neck ring. Normal assembly of Cdc12p at the neck was dependent upon Elm1p and also, to a smaller extent, on Hsl1p. Ectopic localization of Cdc12p at the bud tip was observed frequently in elm1 mutants and also, to a lesser extent, in hsl1 mutants. Thus, Elm1p is a key factor in the assembly and/or maintenance of Hsl1p, as well as at least one septin, into the bud neck ring.