水牛免疫乳中IgG热变性的研究

本实验采用Ig热变性动力学研究了水牛免疫乳中IgG热变性。结果表明，免疫球蛋白（IgG）对热敏感性高，63℃，30min热处理后，IgG变性率为12．4％，95℃热处理15s和65s后，变性率分别是53．1％和89．5％；在温度为63℃到95℃范围内，IgG热变性反应级数为1．0，表观活化能为140．6kJ／mol；温度为63，75，85，95℃的D值分别为294、89．24、4．54、1．31min，在此温度范围内，Z值为12．77℃。     

水牛沙发革涂饰工艺

主要探讨了水牛沙发革的涂饰工艺。     

Effect of adding an anaerobic fungal culture isolated from a wild blue bull (Boselophus tragocamelus) to rumen fluid from buffaloes on in vitro fibrolytic enzyme activity,fermentation and degradation of tannins and tannin‐containing Kachnar tree (Bauhinia variegata) leaves and wheat straw

The study investigated the effects of adding an anaerobic fungus (Piromyces sp FNG5; isolated from the faeces of a wild blue bull) to the rumen fluid of buffaloes consuming a basal diet of wheat straw and concentrates on in vitro enzyme activities, fermentation and degradation of tannins and tannin‐rich tree leaves and wheat straw. In experiment 1, strained rumen fluid was incubated for 24 and 48 h, in quadruplicate, with or without fungal culture using condensed tannin‐rich Bauhinia variegata leaves as substrates. In experiment 2, in vitro incubation medium containing wheat straw and different concentrations of added tannic acid (0–1.2 mg mL^?1) were incubated for 48 h, in quadruplicate, with strained buffalo rumen fluid with or without fungal culture. In experiment 3, tolerance of the fungal isolate to tannic acid was tested by estimating fungal growth in pure culture medium containing different concentrations (0–50 g L^?1) of tannic acid. In in vitro studies with Bauhinia variegata tree leaves, addition of the fungal isolate to buffalo strained rumen liquor resulted in significant (P < 0.01) increase in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility and activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.05) and xylanase (P < 0.05) at 24 h fermentation. There was 12.35% increase (P < 0.01) in condensed tannin (CT) degradation on addition of the fungal isolate at 48 h fermentation. In in vitro studies with wheat straw, addition of the fungus caused an increase in apparent digestibility (P < 0.01), true digestibility (P < 0.05), NDF digestibility (P < 0.05), activities of carboxymethyl cellulase (P < 0.001), β‐glucosidase (P < 0.001), xylanase (P < 0.001), acetyl esterase (P < 0.001) and degradation of tannic acid (P < 0.05). Rumen liquor from buffaloes which had never been exposed to tannin‐containing diet had been found to have substantial inherent tannic acid‐degrading ability (degraded 55.3% of added tannic acid within 24 h of fermentation). The fungus could tolerate tannic acid concentration up to 20 g L^?1 in growth medium. The results of this study suggest that introduction of an anaerobic fungal isolate with superior lignocellulolytic activity isolated from the faeces of a wild herbivore may improve fibre digestion from tannin‐containing feeds and degradation of tannins in the rumen of buffaloes. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

搅拌型芒果水牛酸乳制备工艺的优化

本文以广西水牛奶和芒果为原料,研究搅拌型芒果水牛酸乳的最佳生产工艺.在考察稳定剂的复配及其复配比例、白砂糖添加量、发酵时间和稳定剂添加量对酸乳质量影响的基础上,进行三因素三水平响应面实验,对响应面优化分析.结果表明:250.0mL水牛奶中,以水牛奶质量为基准,添加芒果果粒8.0％的条件下,白砂糖添加量7.66％、果胶:藻酸丙二醇酯(w∶w=1∶1)添加量0.13％、发酵时间为5.17h时;成品发酵酸度为80°T,胶体脱水收缩作用敏感性最低;持水力最大;感官评价最佳;验证实验表明优化工艺合理.     

组合赋权法优化水牛酸凝乳制作工艺及其响应面分析

以广西水牛奶为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计,通过组合赋权法和响应曲面分析法,优化水牛酸凝乳制作工艺条件。结果表明:酸凝乳的色泽、风味、质构的组合权重分别为0.222,0.407,0.371;白砂糖质量分数为8.50%,水牛奶质量分数为92.0%,发酵温度为41.7℃时,得到水牛酸凝乳的最优制作工艺条件。按照优化工艺进行验证,结果采用组合赋权法得到评价样品的质量总分为1.500,认为所建立的数学模型能较准确的反映水牛酸凝乳的制作工艺条件。     

光学显微镜定性鉴别黄/水牛皮革的研究

运用三维视频显微镜观察黄牛皮革与水牛皮革的粒面和截面特征,分析总结出可用于定性鉴别两种皮革的特征差异。     

基于双向电泳和质谱联用技术的水牛乳源酪蛋白的研究

利用双向电泳和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-MS)联用技术对水牛乳酪蛋白与其他乳源蛋白差异性进行了研究。根据Image Master 2D Platinum图像分析软件对不同乳源酪蛋白的双向电泳(2-DE)图谱进行蛋白斑点的匹配分析,获得21个存在于水牛奶中,主要分布在低丰度蛋白区的差异蛋白点,经质谱分析,得到4个属于水牛奶酪蛋白的主要组分,另外发现两个与水牛奶中的蛋白有较高同源性的新组分。     

水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌多样性分析

采用传统分离培养方法,从三品杂交生水牛奶混合样品中,分离出105株乳酸菌,通过形态、生理生化、API细菌鉴定系统及16S rDNA基因序列分析方法对各菌株属种进行鉴定。16S rRNA序列分析结果显示,105株菌共分为5个属8个种,呈现较为丰富的乳酸菌多样性,具体数量分布为乳酸乳球菌21株,植物乳杆菌19株,格氏乳球菌17株,乳明串珠菌13株,食窦魏斯氏菌11株,肠膜明串珠菌8株,类肠膜魏斯氏菌6株,嗜热链球菌5株,糊精乳杆菌5株。由此可知,水牛乳中可培养乳酸菌优势菌群的主次关系为：乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）＞植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantaru）＞格氏乳球菌（Lactococcus garvieae）＞乳明串珠菌（Leuconostoc lactis）＞食窦魏斯氏菌（Weissella cibaria）,此为后续开发水牛乳中优势乳酸菌资源提供了良好的理论基础。     

水田叶轮仿生增力叶片

根据水牛蹄适于水田等松软地面行走的特性,运用逆向工程技术提取其低行走阻力的外形几何特征,设计了水田叶轮仿生叶片,并确定了水田叶轮仿生叶片的3个关键设计参数。运用试验优化技术得到了影响因素的主次排序和最优水平。试验室土槽对比试验结果表明,仿生叶片提高了叶轮轮叶的牵引和驱动性能,与目前常用的平板叶片相比,产生的最大推进力提高37.8%,轮叶效率极值提高38.3%。水田土壤田间试验结果表明,装配仿生叶片的叶轮在泥脚深度为300 mm的水田具有较好的适应性。     

Dung treated by high-temperature composting is an optimal bedding material for suckling calves according to analyses of microbial composition,growth performance,health status,and behavior

Bedding materials are important for suckling buffalo calves. Treated dung has been used as a bedding material for dairy cows but the lack of an appropriate safety assessment limits its application. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of treated dung (TD) as a bedding material for suckling calves by comparing TD with rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) bedding materials. The TD was prepared through high-temperature composting by Bacillus subtilis. Thirty-three newborn suckling buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis, 40.06 ± 5.79 kg) were randomly divided into 3 bedding material groups (TD, RH, and RS) and bedded with 1 of the 3 bedding materials for 60 d. We compared cost, moisture content, bacterial counts, and microbial composition of the 3 bedding materials, and investigated growth performance, health status, behavior, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters of bedded calves. The results showed that TD contained the fewest gram-negative bacteria and coliforms on d 1 and 30 and the lowest relative abundance of Staphylococcus throughout the experiment. The RH and TD bedding materials had the lowest cost. Calves in the TD and RS groups showed a higher dry matter intake, and final body weight and average daily gain in the TD and RS groups tended to be higher than in the RH group. Calves in the TD and RS groups had a lower disease incidence (diarrhea and fever), fewer antibiotic treatments, and lower fecal score than calves in the RH group. Higher contents of IgG, IgA, and IgM were observed in calves of the TD and RS groups than in calves of the RH group on d 10, indicating higher immune ability in TD and RS groups. Furthermore, TD bedding increased the butyric acid content in the calf's rumen, whereas RS bedding increased the acetate content, which might be attributed to the longer time and higher frequency of eating bedding material in the RS group. Considering all of the above indicators, we concluded that TD is the optimal bedding material for calves based on economics, bacterial count, microbial diversity, growth performance, and health status. Our findings provide a valuable reference for bedding material choice and calf farming.