CO_2跨临界循环中绝热毛细管数值模拟计算与分析

前期通过搭建试验台,分析了二氧化碳跨临界循环中毛细管的节流特性,并运用无量纲分析法计算出了毛细管质量流量无量纲试验关联式,经可靠性分析发现该关联式优于diogo的关联式。若超出考虑的范围时,该关联式模型可能产生较大的误差。由此,利用微元分割法,设计VB程序对毛细管长度和流量进行数值计算,将计算结果与前期试验测试结果和文献值做比较。在流量计算方面:95%的计算值与前期试验值的偏差在10%以内,与文献试验值的偏差全部在10%以内。在长度计算方面,90%的计算值与前期试验值的偏差在15%以内,75%的长度计算值与文献试验值的偏差在15%以内;在偏差分布方面:流量计算值与前期试验值和文献试验值,均有95%以上的流量计算值与试验值的偏差在10%以内。最后利用该计算程序,在标准工况下对毛细管尺寸进行数值计算,绘制成毛细管选型图。     

大浪淀水库中有机氯农药的监测

采用毛细管柱气相色谱法测定了大浪淀水库的有机氯农药。该法能使各组分完全分离,具有较高的精密度和准确度,适用于地表水中有机氯农药残留的分析。     

A Black-oil Three-phase Model With Capillary Effects

Abstract

The black-oil (BO) model for compositional effect in three-phase compressible flow with capillary pressure is discussed. The compositional framework is used in modeling of a BO that allows extending a BO model to a compositional model and vice versa. A total compressibility condition is defined for saturated and unsaturated cases when the capillary effects are not ignored.     

胺液中N-甲基二乙醇胺含量的测定

由于天然气净化厂脱硫胺液中含有甘醇类降解产物,二甘醇（DEG）和三甘醇（TEG）难于准确称量,以DEG或TEG为内标物的毛细管气相色谱法测定胺液中MDEA的含量时,会产生较大的误差。为避免这种影响,建立了以甲苯为内标物的毛细管气相色谱测定法：选用美国Agilent HP-50+毛细管柱来分析胺液中甲基二乙醇胺（MDE）的含量;定量方法为内标法;对三甘醇（TEG）和甲苯进行分析对比,最终选用甲苯作为内标物;使用MINITAB 15.1处理实验数据。实验结果表明：MDEA和甲苯出峰稳定,重复性好;方法回收率为99%~101%,相对标准偏差<2%。该法精密度和准确度较高,不仅可用于天然气净化厂胺液中MDEA含量的测定,而且对同类胺液的MDEA含量测定研究也有一定的借鉴作用。     

地下室防水材料的选用与施工应用实例探讨

地下室工程若不采取可靠的防水措施,就会有地下水浸入,破坏建筑物的结构,影响建筑物的使用寿命。本文结合实际工程实践,在地下室防水工程中,应用了高分子有机防水涂料"湿克威"以及水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料,并取得了良好的使用效果。     

Avoiding filter cake cracking: Influence of consolidation on desaturation characteristics

In cake filtration processes with an air-blowing step, cracking is an undesirable phenomenon as it leads to deterioration of the filtration process by highly increasing gas throughput. This leads to higher residual moisture if the pressure difference cannot be maintained and an increase in overall cost. Crack formation can be avoided by compacting the filter cake before desaturation. While this action will make the separation process applicable by highly reducing gas consumption, there are also potential negative effects. Compaction increases filter cake resistance and might therefore slow down desaturation kinetics. Therefore, the authors investigated how the filter cake characteristics governing desaturation change from the nonconsolidated to the consolidated state of the filter cake and compared these findings to the actual dewatering kinetics. The results showed that for the case where cracking could be oppressed, dewatering kinetics of the consolidated cake are actually faster than for the nonconsolidated cake, despite higher resistance of the consolidated cake. Thus, compaction is an appropriate action when dealing with filter cake cracking.     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定三氯乙烯及其脱氯产物

建立了一种同时测定水中三氯乙烯及其脱氯产物的气相色谱检测方法。采用顶空进样,毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,保留时间定性,峰面积定量。以三因子三水平正交试验法确定了最佳检测条件,各组分线性良好(R20.998),相对标准偏差3.79%~9.14%,平均加标回收率97.68%~119.18%。对氯代烯烃而言,灵敏度虽较电子捕获检测器低,但新方法操作简便、快速、干扰少、准确度也较高,能满足三氯乙烯污染修复中反应物及中间产物的检测要求。     

面向生态的矿区地下水位阈限研究

分布在干旱半干旱地区的植被,由于降水不足以维持其长期生存,需要地下水提供部分或全部水源,因而对地下水有一定的依赖性。煤层开采破坏含水层后地下水位会大幅降落,这在一定程度上会给依赖地下水植被造成水分胁迫,进而控制生态系统演化过程。针对榆神矿区煤层开采引起地下水位变化的基本特征,提出了生态安全约束下矿区地下水位控制阈值的确定方法。研究表明,植物根系与地下水毛细上升带保持接触时,植物就可以吸收利用地下水,因此本文将最大毛细上升高度与根系长度之和作为植被利用地下水的最大临界埋深。在毛管流理论指导下,以颗粒排列方式与孔隙直径大小的关系建立了最大毛细上升高度计算公式,并给出了通过颗粒级配曲线确定最大毛细上升高度的方法。据此计算的毛乌素风积沙最大毛细上升高度的取值区间为0.7～2.0 m,进一步确定了榆神矿区生态安全约束下的矿区水位控制下限为4.0 m。在此基础上,以2016年地下水流场基准,以水位埋深4.0 m为界将榆神矿区划分为生态约束区和无约束区。水位埋深小于4.0 m的区域植被对地下水依赖程度高,属于生态约束区,煤层开采造成地下水位下降极易使植被遭受水分胁迫,因而是矿区生态环境保护的重点。研究成果阐明了榆神矿区生态环境及地下水位对煤层开发的限制条件,为进一步推进保水采煤技术的发展奠定了理论基础。     

Hydrodynamics and morphologies of droplets coalescence on fiber

Fiber coalescence is an effective oil–water separation technology. In this article, the micro-coalescence process of droplets on fiber was studied through high-speed camera technology, and the hydrodynamics and morphology evolution in the process of droplet-fiber coalescence were explored and compared with non-fiber system. The results show that the change of the droplet surface morphology is local at the initial stage of the coalescence process. The droplet morphology changes obviously near the neck. The growth rate of the liquid bridge and the propagation speed of capillary wave in droplet-fiber system are higher than those in non-fiber system. At 0.8 ms, the capillary waves' polar angle difference between the two conditions reaches 10.44°. There is an obvious periodicity and damping attenuation mechanism in the oscillation process. In the droplet-fiber system, the oscillation process attenuates faster and the average oscillation period is shorter. The droplet relaxes to a stable state more quickly.