Acetylene as a reducing agent for the selective catalytic reduction (C2H2-SCR) of NO in the presence of excess oxygen on various Ce-exchanged zeolites was investigated for the first time. Under the conditions of 1600 ppm NO, 800 ppm C2H2, and 9.95 % O2 in He, the Ce-H-ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) catalyst shows about 83% NO conversion to N2 at the temperatures ranged from 300 to 350 °C. It is followed by the other zeolites in the activity order of Ce-H-Y (Si/Al=2.5), Ce-H-_ (Si/A1=20∼30), and Ce-H-SAPO (Si/Al=34), Ce-H-5A (Si/Al=12). Almost no NO conversion was obtained over Ce-Na-ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) and Na-ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) catalyst samples. The Conversion of NO to N2 increased with O2 concentration in the range of 0.1 ∼ 9.95% over the CeH-ZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) catalyst. It is suggested that O2 plays an important role in the C2H2-SCR of NO reaction, by oxidizing NO to NO2 on acid sites in assistant with cerium species of the catalyst. A large amount of CO, which seems to be in proportion with the NO conversion to N2, was produced. Long-term experiments up to 56 h combined with a excursion of the reaction temperature up to 650 °C over the Ce-H-ZSM-5 (Si/A1=25) confirmed the catalyst’s durable performance under the reaction conditions. It is found that the de-NOx activity of Ce-H-ZSM-5 catalyst can be enhanced by the presence of 50 ppm of sulfur dioxide in the dry-feed reaction conditions. 相似文献
Laboratory-scale ageing and poisoning procedures were performed on selected diesel catalysts. The results showed that phosphorus
poisoning together with high temperature ageing has a strong effect on the catalytic activity and microstructure of platinum
containing catalysts. Phosphorus poisoning contaminated the catalysts resulting in phosphate formation, e.g. CePO4 and AlPO4. Poisoning and air ageing increased platinum particle-size and washcoat grain-size. 相似文献
Synthesis of liquid oxygenates from light alkanes (C1--C3) is achieved in a multifunctional three-phase catalytic membrane reactor (3PCMR) operating under mild conditions (TR, 80-120 °C; PR, 140 kPa). The features of superacid catalytic membranes mediated by the Men+/H2O2 Fenton system in activating C1-C3 alkanes are presented. The effect of operating conditions ([H2O2], [Men+]) on the catalyst activity is outlined. A general reaction pathway accounting for the activation of the CH bond of the alkane molecule on the superacid sites and the subsequent reaction of the activated alkane with primary reactive intermediates, generated from the Men+/H2O2 system, is proposed. The suitability of the 3PCMR in enabling simultaneous reaction and product separation is discussed. 相似文献
Effect of sintering on physico-chemical and catalytic properties of Mo, Co-Mo, Ni-Mosupported on -Al2O3 is reported. Such effects on hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrogenation (HYD) and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) are investigated as a function of sintering temperature. The results indicated that HDS and HYD have different optimum calcination temperatures and these functionalities originate from different sites. The results are discussed in the light of molybdenum sulfide dispersion, promotional effects and phase transformations of active component, promoters and support. 相似文献
The catalytic performance of mono- and bimetallic Pd (0.6, 1.0 wt.%)–Pt (0.3 wt.%) catalysts supported on ZrO2 (70, 85 wt.%)–Al2O3 (15, 0 wt.%)–WOx (15 wt.%) prepared by sol–gel was studied in the hydroisomerization of n-hexane. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, TPR, XPS, Raman, NMR, and FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine. The preparation of ZrW and ZrAlW mixed oxides by sol–gel favored the high dispersion of WOx and the stabilization of zirconia in the tetragonal phase. The Al incorporation avoided the formation of monoclinic-WO3 bulk phase. The catalysts increased their SBET for about 15% promoted by Al2O3 addition. Various oxidation states of WOx species coexist on the surface of the catalysts after calcination. The structure of the highly dispersed surface WOx species is constituted mainly of isolated monotungstate and two-dimensional mono-oxotungstate species in tetrahedral coordination. The activity of Pd/ZrW catalysts in the hydroisomerization of n-hexane is promoted both with the addition of Al to the ZrW mixed oxide and the addition of Pt to Pd/ZrAlW catalysts. The improvement in the activity of Pd/ZrAlW catalysts is ascribed to a moderated acid strength and acidity, which can be correlated to the coexistence of W6+ and reduced-state WOx species (either W4+ or W0). The addition of Pt to the Pd/ZrAlW catalyst does not modify significantly its acidic character. Selectivity results showed that the catalyst produced 2MP, 3MP and the high octane 2,3-dimethylbutane (2,3-DMB) and 2,2-dimethylbutane (2,2-DMB) isomers. 相似文献
In this work, the reactions of ethane and ethene in an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere over γ-alumina were investigated under temperature-programmed conditions, in an attempt to estimate the possible contribution and functionality of the support in the reaction pathway of ethane ODH over MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts. The results indicate that alumina contributes to the primary deep oxidation and dehydrogenation routes of ethane to COx and coke respectively, which proceed effectively over the acidic OH groups and the Al3+–O2− acidic centers. On the contrary, the formation of ethylene seems to be coupled to the presence of redox sites on the catalytic surface and requires the presence of the molybdena phase. Moreover, the redox sites of the MoOx species were found to unselectively activate the further overoxidation of the olefin to carbon oxides. Therefore, Al2O3 catalyzes the unselective primary oxidation of ethane to carbon oxides, whereas the molybdena phase is involved in the selective oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane to ethene and the secondary overoxidation of ethene to COx. 相似文献
Summary: The effect of impurities on the coordination polymerization has generally been classified and discussed in different ways and has been investigated in detail in the syndiospecific homo‐ and copolymerization of styrene. With regard to impurities of styrene, phenylacetylene as an unpolar impurity containing separate multiple bonds, 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol and ω‐hydroxyacetophenone as examples of polar impurities, and ethylbenzene as an other unpolar impurity have been investigated regarding the effect on the polymerization rate and the influence on the molecular properties of the syndiotactic polystyrenes. In the syndiospecific copolymerization with p‐methylstyrene, indene shows a different behavior regarding the decrease of the polymerization conversion depending on the comonomer concentrations present in the monomer mixture. Additionally, the effect of impurities of the catalyst system on the syndiospecific styrene polymerization has been demonstrated, particularly of octahydrofluorene as a component of the transition metal compound and of trimethylaluminium as a component of the cocatalyst methylaluminoxane. All results have been discussed with respect to the mechanisms of the effects on polymerization behavior and on polymer properties.
Dependence of the relative polymerization conversion on the amount of indene added to the monomer mixture in styrene (ST)/p‐methylstyrene (PMS) copolymerization (catalyst n‐ratio: 0.5; molar ratio MAO:Ti = 110:1; polymerization temperature: 60 °C; polymerization time: 45 min). 相似文献