自适应分形聚类进化甄别算法

数据流随时间演变具有突发性及随机性的特点,如何自适应、实时追踪这种变化是数据流挖掘面临的一个重要问题,完全由用户通过试探来甄别这种变化在实际中无法实现,同时也失去了数据流聚类进化追踪的现实意义。针对聚类变化自动追踪问题,考虑到现实的计算资源限制和处理速度要求,结合分形聚类、自适应采样技术与Chernoff不等式,提出了数据流聚类演变实时追踪算法,进行聚类演变的自动追踪;通过合成与实际数据集上的实验工作验证了算法的有效性。     

加速增长的HK网络演化模型

近年来,随着复杂网络演化模型的深入研究,研究的焦点已从全局结构转移到了局部结构,其中,网络的集团度及其分布受到了广泛关注.实证研究表明,大量真实网络具有幂律的低阶集团度分布,而且分布指数随集团阶数的上升呈下降趋势.这一普适规律无法由Holme和Kim(HK)模型的熟人推荐机制再现.在HK模型中考虑网络演化的加速增长这一重要因素,提出一种改进的HK模型.数值模拟显示,改进的HK模型生成网络的簇系数较大,平均最短路径较小,不仅具有小世界效应和无标度特性,而且再现了真实网络的低阶幂律集团度分布特性.此研究有利于更好地认识真实网络中的各阶基元.     

Lithium Intercalation Compound Dramatically Influences the Electrochemical Properties of Exfoliated MoS2

MoS₂ and other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently gained a renewed interest due to the interesting electronic, catalytic, and mechanical properties which they possess when down‐sized to single or few layer sheets. Exfoliation of the bulk multilayer structure can be achieved by a preliminary chemical Li intercalation followed by the exfoliation due to the reaction of Li with water. Organolithium compounds are generally adopted for the Li intercalation with n‐butyllithium (n‐Bu‐Li) being the most common. Here, the use of three different organolithium compounds are investigated and compared, i.e., methyllithium (Me‐Li), n‐butyllithium (n‐Bu‐Li) and tert‐butyllithium (t‐Bu‐Li), used for the exfoliation of bulk MoS₂. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are adopted for a comprehensive characterization of all materials under investigation. In addition, catalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and capacitive properties are also tested. Different organolithium compounds exhibit different extent of Li intercalation resulting in different degrees of exfoliation. The inherent electrochemical behavior of MoS₂ consisting of significant anodic and cathodic peaks as well as its capacitive behavior and catalytic properties towards hydrogen evolution reaction are strongly connected to the exfoliation compound used. This research significantly contributes to the development of large‐scale synthesis of electrocatalytic MoS₂‐based materials.     

CtpB Facilitates Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth in Copper-Limited Niches

Copper is required for aerobic respiration by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its human host, but this essential element is toxic in abundance. Copper nutritional immunity refers to host processes that modulate levels of free copper to alternately starve and intoxicate invading microbes. Bacteria engulfed by macrophages are initially contained within copper-limited phagosomes, which fuse with ATP7A vesicles that pump in toxic levels of copper. In this report, we examine how CtpB, a P-type ATPase in M. tuberculosis, aids in response to nutritional immunity. In vitro, the induced expression of ctpB in copper-replete medium inhibited mycobacterial growth, while deletion of the gene impaired growth only in copper-starved medium and within copper-limited host cells, suggesting a role for CtpB in copper acquisition or export to the copper-dependent respiration supercomplex. Unexpectedly, the absence of ctpB resulted in hypervirulence in the DBA/2 mouse infection model. As ctpB null strains exhibit diminished growth only in copper-starved conditions, reduced copper transport may have enabled the mutant to acquire a “Goldilocks” amount of the metal during transit through copper-intoxicating environments within this model system. This work reveals CtpB as a component of the M. tuberculosis toolkit to counter host nutritional immunity and underscores the importance of elucidating copper-uptake mechanisms in pathogenic mycobacteria.     

市场生态环境选择机制下的企业进化

企业外部市场生态环境包括企业广义生存域(间接外部环境)和企业活动域(直接外部环境)两个层次.文章基于企业基因和企业生态位构建企业进化框架,提出了企业进化的4个维度,即企业机制、优势技术、企业文化和信息系统.从企业进化面临的外部压力与内部动力分析入手,对企业进化结果进行了完全性分析,并提出市场生态环境选择、企业外部构建和企业内部构建是企业进化的3种主要动力,由此体现了企业进化的多样性、遗传变异和环境选择3种机制.     

基于函数优化的生物智能进化算法综述

本文主要对求解函数优化问题所用的生物智能进化算法进行概述,同时还对求解函数优化问题的前景作出进一步的展望,可以看出求解函数优化问题采用多种生物智能进化算法相结合的方式具有更宽广的发展前景。     

一种面向同步交互的软件演化过程建模方法

全球化软件开发导致以交互方式协作开发的频率和复杂性越来越高。为了控制和规范软件演化的开发行为进而提高软件质量,文献[10]设计了软件演化过程元模型EPMM,由EPMM定义的软件演化过程模型未能形式描述其交互的特点。基于EPMM[10]定义的软件演化过程包括全局层、过程层、活动层和任务层4个抽象层的思想,设计了软件演化过程元模型CEPMM。CEPMM定义的软件演化过程模型可 形式描述同步交互的特点是在其活动层,由此提出一种基于通信系统演算(CCS)的软件演化过程活动层的建模方法,然后在Visual Studio平台下实现软件演化过程活动层可视化的建模工具CAmodel。CEPMM构建的软件演化过程活动层模型不仅可以描述并发、迭代等特点,还可以形式描述同步交互的特性,为模型进行严格的数学方法分析、推理奠定了基础。