基于量子重力探测技术的水下匹配导航仿真分析与评估

在电磁信号拒止的海洋环境中,基于海洋重力场辅助的水下匹配导航技术是提高潜航器导航定位精度的有效途径之一。近年来,基于冷原子干涉的量子绝对重力探测技术发展迅速,其探测精度高、可移动性强,在水下重力辅助导航领域具有极大的应用潜力。结合冷原子干涉量子重力仪最新技术发展水平,选取太平洋某典型海域,通过地形正演构建了高精度（<0.1mGal）、高分辨率（500m）海洋重力基准图,基于最近等值线迭代（Iterative Closest Contour Point,ICCP）算法实现了对潜航器水下航行误差的重力场辅助匹配校正,将初始航迹误差从约4km校正到约400m。匹配算法具有指数收敛优势,在阈值收敛误差为10-6下,算法平均收敛迭代次数44次,平均收敛时间0.0678s。通过仿真分析和“探测技术-重力场基准图-匹配算法”系统综合效能评估,论证了现有量子重力探测技术在重力辅助水下匹配导航领域的应用潜能。     

Development,integration, and field evaluation of an autonomous citrus-harvesting robot

Citrus harvesting is a labor-intensive and time-intensive task. As the global population continues to age, labor costs are increasing dramatically. Therefore, the citrus-harvesting robot has attracted considerable attention from the business and academic communities. However, robotic harvesting in unstructured and natural citrus orchards remains a challenge. This study aims to address some challenges faced in commercializing citrus-harvesting robots. We present a fully integrated, autonomous, and innovative solution for citrus-harvesting robots to overcome the harvesting difficulties derived from the natural growth characteristics of citrus. This solution uses a fused simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm based on multiple sensors to perform high-precision localization and navigation for the robot in the field orchard. Besides, a novel visual method for estimating fruit poses is proposed to cope with the randomization of citrus growth orientations. Further, a new end-effector is designed to improve the success and conformity rate of citrus stem cutting. Finally, a fully autonomous harvesting robot system has been developed and integrated. Field evaluations showed that the robot could harvest citrus continuously with an overall success rate of 87.2% and an average picking time of 10.9 s/fruit. These efforts provide a solid foundation for the future commercialization of citrus-harvesting robots.     

Real-time 3D multi-pedestrian detection and tracking using 3D LiDAR point cloud for mobile robot

Mobile robots are used in modern life; however, object recognition is still insufficient to realize robot navigation in crowded environments. Mobile robots must rapidly and accurately recognize the movements and shapes of pedestrians to navigate safely in pedestrian-rich spaces. This study proposes real-time, accurate, three-dimensional (3D) multi-pedestrian detection and tracking using a 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud in crowded environments. The pedestrian detection quickly segments a sparse 3D point cloud into individual pedestrians using a lightweight convolutional autoencoder and connected-component algorithm. The multi-pedestrian tracking identifies the same pedestrians considering motion and appearance cues in continuing frames. In addition, it estimates pedestrians' dynamic movements with various patterns by adaptively mixing heterogeneous motion models. We evaluate the computational speed and accuracy of each module using the KITTI dataset. We demonstrate that our integrated system, which rapidly and accurately recognizes pedestrian movement and appearance using a sparse 3D LiDAR, is applicable for robot navigation in crowded spaces.     

Ultrawideband coupled relative positioning algorithm applicable to flight controller for multidrone collaboration

In this study, we introduce a loosely coupled relative position estimation method that utilizes a decentralized ultrawideband (UWB), Global Navigation Support System and inertial navigation system for flight controllers (FCs). Key obstacles to multidrone collaboration include relative position errors and the absence of communication devices. To address this, we provide an extended Kalman filter-based algorithm and module that correct distance errors by fusing UWB data acquired through random communications. Via simulations, we confirm the feasibility of the algorithm and verify its distance error correction performance according to the amount of communications. Real-world tests confirm the algorithm's effectiveness on FCs and the potential for multidrone collaboration in real environments. This method can be used to correct relative multidrone positions during collaborative transportation and simultaneous localization and mapping applications.     

基于自动化采煤设备定位系统应用研究

介绍了一种基于雷达的长壁采煤机械定位系统,该系统基于雷达测距传感器,用于确定采矿设备相对于矿山煤巷基础设施的位置,通过试验验证了使用雷达传感器进行定位的合理性。为了从单个雷达信号中估计两个关键的定位参数,即沿轨位置和跨轨位置,研究了几种概率数据处理技术,对于跨轨位置,传统的卡尔曼滤波方法足以实现可靠的估计,对于沿轨位置估计,必须通过跟踪算法来识别煤巷肋墙上的特定基础设施元素,我们在三维交互显示中探索了一种新的可视化分析方法以方便识别重要特征用于分类器算法,基于分类器的输出,使用已识别的元素作为位置路径点,可以提供一个稳定和准确的采矿设备定位估计。     

多传感器组合导航系统的联邦 UKF 算法研究

多传感器组合导航系统是一种典型的非线性系统,为了提高其滤波精度,本文提出了多传感器组合导航系统联邦 UKF 算法。 首先,在建立多传感器组合导航系统的非线性状态方程及线性量测方程的基础上,对标准 UKF 进行了简化;然后,以简 化 UKF 为基础提出了多传感器组合导航系统的联邦 UKF 算法,并设计了姿态融合算法及其故障检测函数以验证该算法的容 错性能;最后,以 GNSS / CNS / SINS 多传感器组合导航系统为例进行了仿真验证。 仿真结果表明,相对于联邦线性卡尔曼滤波 器,联邦 UKF 算法可提高位置及姿态精度约 25. 8%、22. 2%,同时继承了联邦线性卡尔曼滤波器的容错性能。     

融合 LSTM 和 PPO 算法的移动机器人视觉导航

为提高移动机器人在无地图情况下的视觉导航能力,提升导航成功率,提出了一种融合长短期记忆神经网络( long short term memory, LSTM)和近端策略优化算法(proximal policy optimization, PPO)算法的移动机器人视觉导航模型。 首先,该模型融 合 LSTM 和 PPO 算法作为视觉导航的网络模型;其次,通过移动机器人动作,与目标距离,运动时间等因素设计奖励函数,用以 训练目标;最后,以移动机器人第一视角获得的 RGB-D 图像及目标点的极性坐标为输入,以移动机器人的连续动作值为输出, 实现无地图的端到端视觉导航任务,并根据推理到达未接受过训练的新目标。 对比前序算法,该模型在模拟环境中收敛速度更 快,旧目标的导航成功率平均提高 17. 7%,新目标的导航成功率提高 23. 3%,具有较好的导航性能。     

序贯检测在“北斗”卫星信号捕获过程中的应用

为了提高“北斗”系统的捕获性能,解决在弱信号环境中无法有效捕获与检到卫星信号的问题,在“北斗”系统的捕获方法中采用序贯检测的方式进行了改进与优化。分析后得出,序贯检测通过双门限与待检测区,使得样本数灵活可变,可以有效应对不同信噪比的信号,在强信号与弱信号下都有良好的效果。通过仿真对序贯检测方式与传统检测方式进行了性能上的比较与分析,结果表明,序贯检测逻辑不仅达到了传统检测方法中预期的检测概率和虚警概率,同时具备更高的性能与灵活性,强信号下缩短了捕获时间,提高了捕获效率;弱信号下提高了2～3 dB信噪比增益与捕获性能;既保证了该检测逻辑的可行性,又为捕获检测过程提供了一种思路与方法。     

宽频带圆极化缝隙螺旋天线的设计

研究了一种宽阻抗带宽和宽圆极化轴比带宽的缝隙螺旋天线。天线印制在由FR4 介质基板构建的 方形柱状结构的内外表面,两组长短不同的缝隙螺旋臂印制在介质基板外表面并延伸至天线顶部;一条弯折的微带 线作为馈电网络印制在介质基板内表面,通过对各缝隙耦合馈电,实现天线宽阻抗带宽和轴比带宽。实测结果表 明:天线尺寸为0. 111λ0 ×0. 111λ0 ×0. 221λ0(λ0 为北斗B2 中心频率1. 207 GHz 对应的自由空间波长),S11 ≤ -10 dB 的阻抗带宽为1. 158~1. 778 GHz,轴比≤3 dB 的圆极化带宽为1. 133~1. 918 GHz。该天线采用缝隙螺旋结构,通过 简易的馈电网络实现天线小型化和宽频带特性,在卫星导航系统中具有较好的应用前景。     

基于周期截断数据矩阵奇异值分解的干扰抑制技术

针对现有适用于单天线接收机的干扰抑制技术难以为周期调频(PFM)干扰和卫星导航信号提供足够分离度,导致消除干扰成分时卫星导航信号损伤较大的问题,该文提出一种基于周期截断数据矩阵奇异值分解的干扰抑制方法。利用调频干扰信号的周期性把分散在较大带宽的能量集中到重排数据中几个甚至单个频点;进而采用奇异值分解(SVD)将干扰与期望信号映射进不同的投影子空间以消除干扰成分。仿真结果表明该方法可以降低在剔除干扰时卫星导航信号损失,提升卫星导航接收机对抗宽带周期调频干扰的能力。