Fuzzy-Logic Based Navigation of Underwater Vehicles

A fuzzy logic based general purpose modular control architecture is presented for underwater vehicle autonomous navigation, control and collision avoidance. Three levels of fuzzy controllers comprising the sensor fusion module, the collision avoidance module and the motion control module are derived and implemented. No assumption is made on the specific underwater vehicle type, on the amount of a priori knowledge of the 3-D undersea environment or on static and dynamic obstacle size and velocity. The derived controllers account for vehicle position accuracy and vertical stability in the presence of ocean currents and constraints imposed by the roll motion. The main advantage of the proposed navigation control architecture is its simplicity, modularity, expandability and applicability to any type of autonomous or semi-autonomous underwater vehicles. Extensive simulation studies are performed on the NPS Phoenix vehicle whose dynamics have been modified to account for roll stability.     

A Map-Matching Algorithm for GPS/DR Integrated Navigation Systems Based on Dempster-Shafer Evidence Reasoning

GPS (Global Positioning System) has been widely used in car navigation systems. Most car navigation systems estimate the car position from GPS and DR (dead reckoning). However, the unknown GPS noise characteristic and the unbounded DR accumulation of errors over time make the position information with undesirable position errors. The map matching can improve the position accuracy and availability of the vehicular position system. In this paper, general principle of map matching is investigated according to segmentation and feature extraction, and a map matching algorithm based on D-S (Dempster-Shafer) evidence reasoning for GPS integrated navigation system is proposed, which can find the exact road on which a car moves. For the experiments, a car navigation system is developed with some sensors and the field test demonstrates the effectiveness and applicability of the algorithm for the car location and navigation.     

A Method of Determining the Axes of a Three-Component Magnetometer Sensor with Respect to the Axes of the Navigation System of a Ferromagnetic Mobile Object

A method of determining the orientation of the axes of a three-component magnetometer sensor with respect to the axes of the navigation system of a ferromagnetic mobile object is considered, which eliminates the effect of the magnetization of the object on the determination of the angular position of the axes of the sensor with respect to the axes of the navigation system.     

基于虚拟导航线的农业机器人精确视觉导航方法

针对农田、野外环境中无人工标记情况下的导航问题,提出了一种基于虚拟导航线的农业机器人精确视觉导航方法。该方法不需要铺设导航线或者路标即可引导机器人行走直线。首先,根据需求确定需要跟踪的目标区域,之后控制机器人调整方向直到目标移至视野中央;其次,根据机器人和目标的位置确定参照目标,并依据两个目标的位置确定虚拟导航线;然后,动态更新导航线,并结合虚拟定标线和虚拟导航线确定偏移角度和偏移距离;最后,利用偏移参数构建模糊控制表,并以此实现对机器人旋转角度和行走速度的调整。实验结果表明,该算法能较为精确地实现对导航路线的识别,进而利用模糊控制策略使机器人沿直线向目标行走,且导航精度在10 cm以内。     

Sigma-Point直接式卡尔曼滤波惯性组合导航算法

基于西格玛点采样加权的方法,以姿态、速度和位置等9个导航参数为状态向量,以卫星导航系统的速度和位置组成6维观测向量,构建直接式卡尔曼滤波器,融惯性导航系统求解和状态估计的过程为一体,直接描述系统导航参数动态过程.仿真结果验证了惯性组合导航Sigma-Point直接式滤波方法的有效性,表明该非线性直接式滤波方法可提高惯性组合导航系统的导航精度和对飞机、导弹等载体非线性机动过程的适应性.     

GPS/DR组合导航的地图粗匹配算法研究

在数字地图匹配中,直接投影法是确定车辆行驶路段的常用方法之一,该方法简单易行,但稳定性差,匹配效率低,不能满足地图匹配高稳定性和高正确率的要求。以直接投影法为基础,结合相关性算法和概率统计法,在匹配过程中引入历史匹配参数进行迭代运算,采用多点采样消除偶然误差。通过Matlab仿真测试和匹配正确率统计分析,改进后的算法稳定性好,能够很好地模拟实际数字地图粗匹配过程,在匹配时效和正确率两方面有良好的兼容性。     

自校正滤波器在卫星定位中的应用

设计了一种新的基于ARMA模型的自校正卡尔曼滤波器,对卫星定位误差模型参数进行分段在线估计,根据误差模型估计参数直接求取滤波增益阵.并提出了一种直接计算滤波误差方差阵的方法,对两个不同的定位系统进行信息融合.仿真结果表明,在未知噪声统计特性的情况下,自校正卡尔曼滤波器能有效过滤观测噪声,基于它的信息融合规则能够有效提高定位精度.计算过程简单,并可以在线建模.     

改进的自适应Kalman滤波在SINS/GPS组合导航中的应用

全球定位系统（GPS）因信号受到遮挡和干扰而产生观测量突然失准,使捷联式惯性导航系统（SINS）/GPS组合导航的卡尔曼滤波器性能急剧下降。针对上述问题,提出了一种改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波的方法,通过失准时的新息对先验状态均方误差阵进行自适应调节,解决了新息协方差与实际严重不符的问题。仿真实验中,对比了传统的卡尔曼滤波、自适应卡尔曼滤波、自适应抗差卡尔曼滤波和改进的自适应卡尔曼滤波的估计性能,证明了所提出算法的有效性。     

一种改进的多AUV协同导航数学模型

自主式水下航行器(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,AUV)代表了未来水下航行器发展的方向,多AUV协同导航系统通过信息的共享,可以获得单AUV导航系统无法具备的优势。分析了多AUV协同导航基本原理和两种网络结构的优缺点,提出了一种新的改进的多AUV协同导航网络结构,并推导出了其运动模型和量测模型,为后续协同导航算法的研究打下了基础。     

末制导弹道修正子弹的六自由度建模仿真

总体没计阶段利用数字仿真方法验证制导方案是一项重要手段也是后续半实物仿真的基础.脉冲式末制导弹道修正子弹是一种新型简控子母战斗部,它的特点是探测系统为捷联光学成像导引头,控制执行机构为安装在质心附近的一组定推力、单次使用的侧喷式微型固体脉冲发动机.针对子弹上述特点,给出利用捷联导引头测量信息得到制导信号的方法,建立捷联体制下的脉冲比例导引律.在MATLAB/Simulink环境下构建六自由度弹道仿真模型并嵌入制导方法进行验证.仿真结果表明该新型子弹可有效打击地面固定目标,仿真架构正确,控制制导方案可行.