基于适宜性的西安市水源热泵开发潜力评估

依据适宜性评价,综合考虑水质、回灌率、已运行情况以及环境条件对水源热泵开发的影响,对西安市水源热泵开发利用潜力进行评估。结果表明:西安市适宜性面积占研究区总面积31.52%;将西安市水源热泵开发潜力划分为5类潜力类型区:Ⅰ、Ⅱ类潜力区主要分布于西安市北部,以平原为主,为开发潜力优、良区;Ⅲ类潜力区主要分布于临潼中部、阎良东部、长安南部、户县和周至南部等地,为适度开发潜力区;Ⅳ类潜力区主要分布于蓝田西南、临潼南部以及长安丘陵区,为不宜开发潜力区;Ⅴ类地区为秦岭山地和禁采区,应限制水源热泵的开发利用。研究可确定西安市不同地域的水源热泵开发利用潜力,研究结果可为编制西安市水源热泵开发规划提供参考。     

石油化工装备“后果分析”方法的介绍

石油化工装备的失效,由于所处理的物料常常是易燃易爆的化学品,所以往往导致发生燃烧、爆炸等,还可以波及附近的其它装置和设备发生连锁的失效和爆炸。为了分析这种严重事故可能造成的影响,研究防止这种事故的发生,近年来研究和发展了一种定量估计这种失效后果严重程度的方法,称为后果分析(Consequence Analysis)。通过分析,从这些设备的失效概率、可能发生的失效形式,研究设备内物料的泄漏形式、可能发生的后果、影响范围的大小、对周围装置、环境和人员的危害程度等,从而提出在设备设计、工厂的总图设计中采取的措施,以减轻其危害的程度。     

用于确定双吸离心泵Suter曲线的三维内特性法研究

水泵Suter曲线是泵站水锤分析的必备条件之一。现有用于获取双吸离心泵Suter曲线的实测法具有难度大、成本高的特点,而间接插值估算法的精度又比较低,本文提出了一种通过水泵流场三维数值计算确定双吸离心泵Suter曲线的新方法,简称三维内特性法。该方法采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,对双吸离心泵的水力模型进行三维造型、工况离散、流场计算及结果转化,以快速、准确地获取双吸离心泵Suter曲线,在正水泵工况、正水轮机工况、反水轮机工况、反水泵工况等工况下,计算出相应流量、转速、扬程和转矩关系。定量分析表明,相比于间接插值估算法,采用三维内特性法获得的Suter曲线中,Wh(x)的计算精度平均提高了39.2%,Wb(x)的计算精度平均提高了26.3%;在将采用该方法获得的双吸离心泵Suter曲线用于事故停泵工况水锤分析时,计算得到的系统最大压力降低了15.0%,管线发生汽化压力的范围缩减了81.4%,双吸离心泵的最大倒流量增大了11.9%,最大倒转速降低了6.1%,与实际测试结果更为接近。该方法为提高双吸离心泵站水锤分析精度提供了一种新技术途径。     

Analysing interactive devices based on information resource constraints

Analysis of the usability of an interactive system requires both an understanding of how the system is to be used and a means of assessing the system against that understanding. Such analytic assessments are particularly important in safety-critical systems as latent vulnerabilities may exist which have negative consequences only in certain circumstances. Many existing approaches to assessment use tasks or scenarios to provide explicit representation of their understanding of use. These normative user behaviours have the advantage that they clarify assumptions about how the system will be used but have the disadvantage that they may exclude many plausible deviations from these norms. Assessments of how a design fails to support these user behaviours can be a matter of judgement based on individual experience rather than evidence. We present a systematic formal method for analysing interactive systems that is based on constraints rather than prescribed behaviour. These constraints capture precise assumptions about what information resources are used to perform action. These resources may either reside in the system itself or be external to the system. The approach is applied to two different medical device designs, comparing two infusion pumps currently in common use in hospitals. Comparison of the two devices is based on these resource assumptions to assess consistency of interaction within the design of each device.     

液氯离心泵的气蚀与防治

分析了影响液氯离心泵气蚀的两种参数：允许吸上真空度、气蚀余量。提出了泵气蚀的防治措施：提高离心泵基础设计质量，在实际使用中应采用高分子聚合材料涂覆，并进行补焊、补气。     

供热网循环水泵效率的研究

城市供热系统是极其重要而复杂的大系统,为了提高系统的社会效益和经济效益,从大连北海热电集团热电联产供热管网的实际出发,运用了最小二乘法原理,对采暖循环水泵的性能数据进行曲线拟合,得出了水泵的真正运行状况,并且对使用单台水泵、双台并联或3台并联水泵3种不同情况下的水力工况水泵效率进行了比较和分析。结果表明,单纯地增加并列泵数量对增加流量并无显著变化,并且使并列泵的效率明显下降,只有认真进行严格地工况分析,找到最佳工况点,才能保证整个热系统正常运行。     

室式分离机转鼓结构的改进与液流分析

介绍了室式分离机的转鼓结构及工作过程．为提高这种机器的分离效率,重点对室式分离机的转鼓结构做了改进．通过对室式分离机改进型转鼓中悬浮液的流动速度进行分析,为实现不停机自动排渣提供理论基础．     

供热网循环水泵效率的研究

城市供热系统是极其重要而复杂的大系统,为了提高系统的社会效益和经济效益,从大连北海热电集团热电联产供热管网的实际出发,运用了最小二乘法原理,对采暖循环水泵的性能数据进行曲线拟合,得出了水泵的真正运行状况,并且对使用单台水泵、双台并联或3台并联水泵3种不同情况下的水力工况水泵效率进行了比较和分析。结果表明,单纯地增加并列泵数量对增加流量并无显著变化,并且使并列泵的效率明显下降,只有认真进行严格地工况分析,找到最佳工况点,才能保证整个热系统正常运行。     

Rotordynamic forces generated by discharge-to-suction leakage flows in centrifugal pumps

In order to investigate the flow-induced vibration in the shroud passage of centrifugal pump and predict rotordynamic forces of centrifugal pump rotor system,an analysis of rotordynamic forces arising from shrouded centrifugal pump is presented. CFD techniques were utilized to analyze the full three-dimensional viscous,primary/secondary flow field in a centrifugal pump impeller to determine rotordynamic forces. Multiple quasi-steady solutions of an eccentric three-dimensional model at different whirl frequency ratios yielded the rotordynamic forces. The skew-symmetric stiffness,damping,and mass matrices were obtained by second-order least-squares analysis. Simulation of the coupled primary/secondary flow field was conducted,and the complex flow characteristics in the flow field of a shroud passage were achieved including the mean velocity and pressure,as well as the eddy in a large scale of flow field due to viscosity. The rotordynamic force coefficients were calculated,and the results were in good agreement with those of experiment except for the direct inertial coefficient without the consideration of whirling forces from the impeller primary flow passage.     

混合溶剂法脱除软沥青的喹啉不溶物

煤沥青中含有较多的喹啉不溶物会影响炭材料的性能。以软沥青为原料,采用混合溶剂离心法对其进行脱除喹啉不溶物试验研究。考察了芳烷比、溶剂比、离心时间、离心温度对精制沥青的喹啉不溶物含量和收率的影响。结果表明：当芳烷比一定时,精制沥青喹啉不溶物含量和收率随溶剂比的增大而减小;当溶剂比一定时,精制沥青喹啉不溶物含量和收率均随芳烷比的增大而增加;离心时间越长,所得精制沥青喹啉不溶物含量越低,收率也越低;离心温度升高,有利于喹啉不溶物脱除,离心温度的较优选择为80℃。通过调整混合溶剂的比例,可以方便地控制净化过程的收率和喹啉不溶物含量。