边坡稳定分析的相对失稳加速度方法

边坡稳定分析是土力学的经典课题,通过稳定分析能够得到边坡的安全系数。但最小安全系数对应的临界滑动面不一定是最先发生滑动的破坏面,失稳加速度临界滑动面则可能最先滑动。失稳加速度方法可以用统一的原理计算边坡和隧洞等所有具有临空面的结构的稳定性;可以利用常规极限平衡法的假定条件进行计算,也可以利用有限元等数值方法的应力计算成果;可以计算失稳加速度,也可以以失稳加速度的模最小来计算安全系数,此时也相当于一种特殊的模式识别方法。本文对失稳加速度方法的提出过程及主要原理进行系统总结,并将其推广到相对失稳加速度和相对安全系数,放松了约束条件,使得它可以具有更加广阔的应用前景。     

货运列车自适应模型平滑切换及节能优化研究

为了使货运列车运行过程切近实际,提出了一种基于加速度自适应的货运列车质点模型平滑切换方法。首先,建立列车的单质点和多质点模型,基于扰动加速度偏差变化率进行列车多模型的自适应切换研究。然后,为了降低大功率机车牵引电机的工作能耗,引入货运列车牵引控制的多目标和约束条件,建立了多目标优化模型,并提出一种新型的多目标飞蛾扑火(MOMFO)算法用于优化货运列车运行过程。最后,采用HXD1型电力机车牵引50节C80货车作为研究对象,通过仿真验证了所提方法对货运列车牵引电机节能及运行过程优化具有重要意义。     

基于神威·太湖之光的非结构网格计算加速算法

在国产异构众核平台神威·太湖之光上的非结构网格计算具有稀疏存储、离散访存、数据依赖等特点,严重制约了众核处理器的性能发挥。为解决稀疏存储和离散访存问题,提出一种N阶对角染色算法,以有效平衡主从核计算并利用从核将全局访存转化为LDM访问。针对数据依赖造成的计算竞争问题,采用自适应和无依赖的任务划分方法,避免并行计算时的数据冲突。为对处理器架构和非结构网格计算进行优化,采用主核与从核异步并行的方式,差异化使用主从核以充分利用硬件资源,同时,取消处理器提供的寄存器通信机制,降低从核阵列的同步开销同时便于扩展到新一代神威平台。此外,使用计算访存异步重叠技术来充分隐藏访存延迟。利用SpMV、Integration、calcLudsFcc算子进行实验,结果表明,相比主核实现,组合加速算法在不同算例规模下平均取得了10倍的加速效果,加速比最高可达24倍,N阶对角染色算法相比非染色分块算法取得了超过5.8倍的性能加速,有效提升了数据局部性和计算并行度。该算法对有依赖关系的计算冲突算子同样具有良好的加速性能,验证了自适应和无依赖任务划分方法的有效性。     

Reliability Estimation of Blu‐Ray Recordable Media with Effect of Initial Recording Performance

The lifetime and the reliability of Blu‐Ray Recordable media were estimated with an acceleration test varying the temperature and the relative humidity. Some brand of the media showed relatively long lifetime over 80 years, but another brand was immeasurable because the media was broken during the acceleration procedure. A strong dependence of the lifetime of the media on the brand was observed. Effect of the initial recording performance in terms of the random symbol error rate and the jitter on the reliability was analyzed. The random symbol error rate showed a strong correlation with the reliability of the Blu‐Ray Recordable media. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Separation-and-Recovery Technology for Organic Waste Liquid with a High Concentration of Inorganic Particles

The environmentally friendly and resourceful utilization of organic waste liquid is one of the frontiers of environmental engineering. With the increasing demand for chemicals, the problem of organic waste liquid with a high concentration of inorganic pollutants in the processing of petroleum, coal, and natural gas is becoming more serious. In this study, the high-speed self-rotation and flipping of particles in a three-dimensional cyclonic turbulent field was examined using a synchronous high-speed camera technique; the self-rotation speed was found to reach 2000–6000 rad·s⁻¹. Based on these findings, a cyclonic gas-stripping method for the removal of organic matter from the pores of particles was invented. A technological process was developed to recover organic matter from waste liquid by cyclonic gas stripping and classifying inorganic particles by means of airflow acceleration classification. A demonstration device was built in Sinopec’s first ebullated-bed hydro-treatment unit for residual oil. Compared with the T-STAR fixed-bed gas-stripping technology designed in the United States, the maximum liquid-removal efficiency of the catalyst particles in this new process is 44.9% greater at the same temperature, and the time required to realize 95% liquid-removal efficiency is decreased from 1956.5 to 8.4 s. In addition, we achieved the classification and reuse of the catalyst particles contained in waste liquid according to their activity. A proposal to use this new technology was put forward regarding the control of organic waste liquid and the classification recovery of inorganic particles in an ebullated-bed hydro-treatment process for residual oil with a processing capacity of 2 × 10⁶ t·a⁻¹. It is estimated that the use of this new technology will lead to the recovery of 3100 t·a⁻¹ of diesel fuel and 647 t·a⁻¹ of high-activity catalyst; in addition, it will reduce the consumption of fresh catalyst by 518 t·a⁻¹. The direct economic benefits of this process will be as high as 37.28 million CNY per year.     

Measurement and analysis of low-acceleration and long-duration longitudinal events using delivery van

This study investigates longitudinal acceleration events during freight transportation characterized as low-acceleration and long-duration using delivery van type vehicles. In the past several decades, there has been an increase in shipments requiring only single or small pallet load quantities and mixed palletized unit loads comprised of different goods. These loads are often transported in delivery vans without load securing devices, increasing the risk of product loss and damage due to load failures resulting from unit loads shifting. A field data acquisition system was used to observe and record the random acceleration events from five vehicles for 5 days, explicitly targeting the vehicles' braking and acceleration manoeuvres. The study aimed to understand the physical phenomenon and provide new information that can be used during preshipment tests to prevent damage to goods and ensure unit load integrity is maintained throughout the supply chain. The events were statistically analysed to understand their probability of occurrence, severity level, and quantify critical parameters such as event rise and hold times. For the braking manoeuvre, the statistical mean of average deceleration was 0.25 g with a corresponding rise and hold duration of 0.83 and 1.27 s, respectively. During the vehicle's acceleration manoeuvre, the statistical mean of average acceleration was 0.29 g with a rise and hold time of 1.29 and 1.39 s, respectively. Utilizing the field data, composite profiles were developed, and these profiles were compared to the currently available test procedures and previous results of other studies.     

粒子群优化算法中加速系数的实验分析

基于粒子群优化的原理,利用标准测试函数对粒子群算法的参数设计进行实验分析,依据函数特性进行初步分类,揭示不同类型优化问题中加速系数与惯性权重的相互关系及其设计规律。该项研究成果为粒子群算法的理论研究提供了实验依据,并为算法的实际应用创造了有利条件。     

基于SoPC的直流无刷电机加速度控制研究与实现

为了实现对直流无刷电机加速度的准确控制,在分析几种加速度控制方案的基础上,提出了在电机加速阶段,通过在速度控制回路前向通道上加一积分环节来实现加速度控制的方案。详细介绍了该方案的原理并给出了基于SoPC技术的设计思想和实现方法。     

An accurate adaptive NURBS curve interpolator with real-time flexible acceleration/deceleration control

Parametric interpolation has been widely used in CNC machining because of its advantages over the traditional linear or circular interpolation. Many researchers focused on this field and have made great progress in the specific one, NURBS curve interpolation. These works greatly improved the CNC machining with constant feedrate, confined chord error and limited acceleration/deceleration. However, during CNC machining process, mechanical shocks to machine tool caused by the undesired acceleration/deceleration profile will dramatically deteriorate the surface accuracy and quality of the machined parts. This is, in most occasions, very harmful to machine tools. In this paper, an accurate adaptive NURBS curve interpolator is proposed with consideration of acceleration–deceleration control. The proposed design effectively reduces the machining shocks by constraining the machine tool jerk dynamically. Meanwhile, the constant feedrate is maintained during most time of machining process, and thus high accuracy is achieved while the feedrate profile is greatly smoothed. In order to deal with the sudden change of the acceleration/deceleration around the corner with large curvature, a real-time flexible acceleration/deceleration control scheme is introduced to adjust the feedrate correspondingly. Case study has been taken to verify the feasibility and advantages of the proposed design.     

改进多目标粒子群算法及其在电弧炉供电优化中的应用

针对炼钢过程的供电优化问题,提出了一种改进的多目标粒子群算法（CRMOPSO）．文中利用约束条件满意度函数并加权求和的策略将约束条件转化为一个待优化目标;同时为了克服基本多目标粒子群算法在求解复杂优化问题时,搜索速度较慢,精度较低的缺点,引入变区域加速算子以提高算法收敛速度和精度;针对算法易于早熟收敛的问题,引入混沌算子以提高算法局部搜索能力;进化过程中采用受约束的竞争选择机制（RCS）小生境技术保证种群多样性．建立了新的供电多目标优化模型并将CRMOPSO算法用于该模型优化电弧炉供电过程,达到了减少电量消耗,缩短冶炼时间,延长炉衬使用寿命的目的,表明了该算法的有效性．