未焊透焊缝疲劳强度分析及工程应用

本文针对工程中焊接结构大量采用单面焊对接焊缝这一事实,对含有未焊透缺陷的单面焊对接焊缝试件进行了疲劳试验,得到了疲劳强度曲线。由于单面焊对接焊缝中的未焊透缺陷位于试件根部表面,在缺陷率相同的条件下,其疲劳强度损失比双面焊未焊透焊缝更严重。试件母材为低碳钢钢板(σ_b≥450MPa)。本试验结果应用于钢瓶焊缝的缺陷容限分析,为制订我国民用在役液化石油气钢瓶判废标准提供了实验依据。     

铸钢件表面铸渗钨铬复合层的研究

采用传统的铸渗技术在铸钢件表面形成钨铬表面复合层，并考察了其组织、硬度和复合层的冲击磨损性能。结果表明，在实验条件下，当冲击功小于2J、渗剂中WC、铬铁含量分别为(质量分数)20％、40％时，复合层的冲击磨损性能最佳，是ZG230—450的12．5倍。     

变焦-临界穿透束流极值法测量电子束流动态焦点——一种焦点测量方法介绍

通过试验研究发现了电子束焊接过程中工件传导电流的传导比均值与输入束流的函数规律，函数的极大值是电子束焊接动态过程工件被穿透的临界状态转变点。利用电子束焊接过程的临界穿透束流特性，讨论了电子束受金属蒸气影响后的焦点状态与漂移空间传输的电子束焦点状态存在不同特性，提出了一种测量电子束焊接过程动态焦点的方法，变焦-临界穿透束流极值焦点测量法。     

Penetration treatment of plasma-sprayed ZrO2 coating by liquid Mn alloys

The penetration phenomena of liquid manganese (Mn) alloy into porous ZrO₂ (8 vvt % Y₂O₃) coating plasma sprayed on SS400 steel substrate was studied by heating in a vacuum atmosphere. The improvement in mechanical properties of the coating by heat treatment with liquid Mn alloys was examined. Liquid Mn alloys, such as Mn-Cu, Mn-Sn, and Mn-In, rapidly penetrated the coating and formed a chemical bond between the coating and the substrate. The densification of the ZrO₂ coating occurred when ZrO₂ particles were sintered with liquid Mn alloys that penetrated the porous coating. The dense coating was free of porosity, and its hardness increased after heat treatment with Mn alloys, compared with assprayed ZrO₂ coating. Moreover, the fracture toughness of the coating reached the same levels as those of sintered yttria-stabilized PSZ.     

TIG焊活性剂对焊缝成形的影响

活性化焊接（A－TIG焊）在90年代末期受到国外的高度重视，同传统的TIG焊（钨极惰性气体保护电弧焊）相比，在相同的规范下活性化焊接能够大幅度地提高生产率、降低生产成本。中针对不锈钢和钛合金材料，研究了在A－TIG焊中单一成分的活性剂和涂敷量对焊缝成形的影响。试验结果表明，与无活性剂的焊缝相比，活性剂CaF2,SiO2,NaF,Cr2O3和TiO3都能够有效地增加不锈钢和钛合金焊缝的 熔深，随着涂敷量的增加，焊缝熔深也相应的增加，熔宽减小。但涂敷有CaF2活性剂的不锈钢焊缝成形不好，涂敷有Cr2O3的钛合金焊缝正面熔宽没有明显的变化。在不锈钢焊接中，活性剂SiO2的作用效果最好；而钛合金的焊接中CaF2的作用效果最好。电弧收缩和熔池表面张力的变化是活性剂增加熔深的主要原因。     

水下粉细砂土体在超高频机械振动荷载作用下液化特性的试验研究

为了量化高频机械振动对土壤液化的具体效果,在试验室泥槽中对不同性质的水下粉细砂沉积物开展了诸如不同振动作用时间及不同工况下的液化试验,利用静力触探仪测量了振动作用前后其承载力变化情况,基于试验数据分析讨论了振动作用时间、振动作用距离、振动频率对于液化效果的影响.     

福建平潭风化花岗岩原位测试及岩土参数取值研究

因风化花岗岩具有结构性强,遇水软化、常规钻探取原状土样难等特点,所以通过常规土工试验获得的风化花岗岩的抗剪强度和变形参数往往偏小很多。为了合理确定风化花岗岩的抗剪强度和变形参数,以福建平潭某工程为项目背景,对福建平潭地区具有代表性且结构性强的风化花岗岩地层开展了旁压试验、标准贯入试验、剪切波速测试和平板载荷试验等系列原位力学特性试验研究,通过相关理论对原位试验结果进行了分析研究并推算了风化花岗岩的抗剪强度和变形参数。将旁压试验计算结果与平板载荷试验及室内试验进行了对比分析和验证,发现旁压试验计算结果与平板载荷试验推算的结果较为一致且明显大于室内试验结果。研究结果表明旁压试验结果在很大程度上反映了深部风化花岗岩的原状特性,利用旁压试验结果推算风化花岗岩的抗剪强度和变形参数是合理的。针对风化花岗岩,旁压试验是值得广泛推广应用的一种原位试验手段。     

利用CPTU对淤泥质黏土工程性质的评价

针对某场地河滩沉积淤泥质黏土,利用CPTU(孔压静力触探)对该场地不同深度的淤泥质黏土进行原位孔压消散试验,得出其固结系数。将该固结系数与室内试验所得的固结系数进行比较,得到现场测得的固结系数比室内试验测得的固结系数约大1～2个数量级的结论。介绍了CPTU估算不排水抗剪强度的方法,对比十字板剪切试验结果,对各种估算方法在该种土质中的适用性作出评价,确定了各种方法经验系数的取值范围。     

地形跟随/地形回避实时仿真系统的设计与实现

为了验证低空突防系统中的地形跟随/地形回避关键技术,设计了一套分布式实时仿真系统。该系统由主控机、地形跟随/地形回避(TF/TA)计算机和视景演示计算机组成。TF/TA计算机采用先进的嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks进行TF/TA飞行轨迹规划,实时地形匹配,以及模拟雷达的实时数据生成。该系统可以验证算法,模拟飞机在空中飞行的实际效果,为TF/TA系统的试飞验证提供必要准备。     

Latch Applicator for Efficient Delivery of Dissolving Microneedles Based on Rapid Release of Elastic Strain Energy by Thumb Force (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2023)

Dissolving microneedle (DMN) is an attractive alternative to parenteral and enteral drug administration owing to its painless self-administration and safety due to non-generation of medical waste. For reproducible and efficient DMN administration, various DMN application methods, such as weights, springs, and electromagnetic devices, have been studied. However, these applicators have complex structures that are complicated to use and high production costs. In this study, a latch applicator that consists of only simple plastic parts and operates via thumb force without any external complex device is developed. Protrusion-shaped latches and impact distances are designed to accumulate thumb force energy through elastic deformation and to control impact velocity. The optimized latch applicator with a pressing force of 25 N and an impact velocity of 5.9 m s⁻¹ fully inserts the drug-loaded tip of the two-layered DMN into the skin. In an ovalbumin immunization test, DMN with the latch applicator shows a significantly higher IgG antibody production rate than that of intramuscular injection. The latch applicator, which provides effective DMN insertion and a competitive price compared with conventional syringes, has great potential to improve delivery of drugs, including vaccines.