The kinetics of carbochlorination of titania slag

The kinetics of the carbochlorination of titania slag with chlorine gas and petroleum coke were determined. The porosity created, when easily chlorinated components of the slag such as iron oxide are rapidly reacted, had a significant effect on the chlorination of the slag. The effects of temperature, chlorine partial pressure, and initial particle size were determined, and a rate equation that incorporates these effects in the ranges of experimental conditions used in this work was developed. The results of this work show that the chlorination kinetics of titania slag are quite different from those of rutile with which most previous studies were concerned.     

Development of a methodology for characterizing commercial chlorinated latex gloves

Chlorination of gloves has gained popularity as a more permanent method of reducing the inherent tackiness of natural rubber latex compared to using powder as a dusting lubricant. Transmission of proteins in natural rubber latex into the air as a result of using powder on natural rubber latex gloves may cause serious complications to allergic individuals. A methodology for characterizing commercial chlorinated natural rubber latex gloves using a combination of attenuated total reflectance (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and ion chromatography (IC) is described. ATR–FTIR studies established that 930–915 and 670–650 cm⁻¹ are definitive wavenumber ranges for the identification of chlorine in commercial chlorinated latex gloves. Confirmation of the ATR–FTIR results and semiquantification of the chlorine content in the latex gloves was carried out by the IC technique. This methodology can be used by glove manufacturers to determine the amount of chlorine in batches of commercial gloves, and thereby prevent possible threats to public health arising from the deterioration of surgical and examination chlorinated latex gloves under severe storage conditions before the end of their expected shelf life. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 672–682, 2001     

氯化消毒对水中有机物及水的致突变活性的影响

通过生产性试验，探讨了氯化消毒过程对水中有机物及水的致突变活性的影响规律。结果表明，氯化消毒致使自来水中的次生有机物种类和浓度明显增加，水中除了产生卤代有机物外，还生成了多种其它有机物，如酮、酯等类有机物。     

甲苯氯化制备苯甲醛的研究

本文研究了甲苯氯化得到苄叉二氯和氯化苄混合物，然后经催化酸解氧化制备苯甲醛，并探讨了氯化催化酸解及氧化的反应条件。     

3,4—二氯甲苯的合成

以对氯甲苯为原料,经直接氯化合成３,４－二氯甲苯。选择Ａ１Ｃ１３／Ｓ２Ｃ１２为催化剂,经正交试验得最佳反应条件为：反应温度１００℃、催化剂浓度２．０％、主畏催化剂配比１：０．５,此时３,４－二氯甲苯在二氯甲苯中的选择性达５１％,单程收率为４１．５％。     

氯化浸出铅阳极泥回收金的研究

试验对湿法处理铅阳极泥回收金进行了研疣．实验结果表明：铜的浸出是酸浸除杂的主要影响因素,在温度为65℃,盐酸浓度为2．9moL／L,氯化钠浓度为1．3mol／L,硫酸浓度为0．3mol／L时,铜的浸出率达到92．03％,杂质能有效去除．在氯化浸金的过程中,温度与氯酸钠的用量对金的浸出率影响最大．随着两者的增加,金的浸出率将明显地增加．当温度大于80℃,氯酸钠用量大于料重的12．5％,硫酸浓度为1．5mol／L时,金的浸出率大于98％．     

氯代异丙烷合成工艺的研究

利用正交设计的方法，研究了在氯化锌存在下异丙醇与浓盐酸合成氯代异丙烷的的反应，给出最佳工艺条件，异丙醇：盐酸：氯化锌为１：１．５：２（摩尔比），氯代异丙烷的产率可达８３％。     

Less Carcinogenic Chlorinated Estrogens Applicable to Hormone Replacement Therapy

Human estrogens prescribed for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are known to be potent carcinogens. To find safer estrogens, several chlorinated estrogens were synthesized and their carcinogenic potential were determined. A pellet containing either 2-chloro-17β-estradiol (2-ClE₂) or 4-chloro-17β-estradiol (4-ClE₂) was implanted subcutaneously for 52 weeks into August Copenhagen Irish (ACI) rats, a preferred animal model for human breast cancer. 17β-Estradiol (E₂) frequently induced mammary tumors while both 2-ClE₂ and 4-ClE₂ did not. Their 17α-ethinyl forms, thought to be orally active estrogens, were also synthesized. Neither 2-chloro-17α-ethinylestradiol (2-ClEE₂) nor 4-chloro-17α-ethinylestradiol (4-ClEE₂) induced tumors. The less carcinogenic effects were supported by histological examination of mammary glands of ACI rats treated with the chlorinated estrogens. A chlorine atom positioned at the 2- or 4-position of E₂ may prevent the metabolic activation, resulting in reducing the carcinogenicity. 2-ClE₂ and 4-ClE₂ administered subcutaneously and 2-ClEE₂ and 4-ClEE₂ given orally to ovariectomized rats all showed uterotrophic potency, albeit slightly weaker than that of E₂. Our results indicate that less carcinogenic chlorinated estrogens retaining estrogenic potential could be safer alternatives to the carcinogenic estrogens now in use for HRT.     

石蜡氯化反应异常停止的原因

氯化石蜡生产中因液氯质量问题引起反应终止,分析了影响液氯质量的因素（主要是液氯中硫酸、二氧化硫、铁的化合物、水分、光气及二氧化氯等含量超标）,提出了解决措施.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。