Citations do not solve problems.

D. T. Cambell and D. W. Fiske (1959) made the now-obvious statement that measures of the same variable made by different methods should agree (converge) and certainly should agree better than measures of different variables made by those several methods. Almost everyone accepted that statement, yet the multitrait–multimethod matrices published today show little or no improvement over the published examples cited in 1959. The article raised the conceptual problem of how a variable and its measurement should be linked and the methodological problem of clarifying the nature of methods and their effects. Given these unresolved problems, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of the appropriate statistical analysis of these matrices has also no consensual answer. Perhaps methods and traits or contents are so thoroughly intertwined that their interaction cannot be adequately analyzed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

电子和β射线两用外推电离室的研制

本文研制了一台测量电子束和β射线吸收剂量的外推电离室,其空腔室壁材料可拆换并分别与空气、组织和硅等效,收集电极名义直径为1.5、3、10和30mm,空气空腔可变范围为0.2～15mm。该外推电离室具有在空腔内部测温,自动改变窗口上方材料厚度及采用微型计算机控制等特点。适用于测10 MeV能量以下,剂量率为10~5～10~(-3)Gy/h的电子或β射线吸收剂量。整个外推电离室自动测剂量系统在测~(204)TLβ放射源表面剂量率的不确定度为2.3％。测1.5 MeV电子束在硅和哈密瓜深部剂量率时,不确定度分别为4.0％和2.8％。     

Study on diffusion welding SiCp/ZL101 with Cu interlayer

Through the vacuum diffusion welding SiCp/ZL101 aluminum with Cu interlayer,the effect of welding parame-ter and the thickness of Cu on the welded joint property was investigated,and the optimal welding parameters were putforward at the same time.The microstructure of joint was analyzed by means of optical-microscope,scanning electron mi-croscope in order to study the relationship between the macro-properties of joint and the microstructure.The results showthat diffusion welding with Cu interlayer could be used for welding aluminum matrix composites SiCp/ZL101 successfully.     

用LG55冷轧管机轧制小直径不锈钢管孔型改进

介绍了ＬＧ５５冷轧管机使用Φ７～３２ｍｍ、Φ５０～３２ｍｍ孔型轧制小直径不锈钢管的工艺特点。试验表明，两种孔型可行，且Φ５７～３２ｍｍ孔型的综合使用效果更好。     

提高Cr12MoV钢冷作模具寿命的措施

从原材料改锻、预备热处理、淬火及回火、深冷处理、表面强化处理等方面分析介绍了提高Cr12MoV钢冷作模具寿命的一些方法和措施 ,并通过实例表明 ,采用这些方法和措施可较大幅度地提高模具寿命     

高等教育服务承诺与政府规制改革

高等教育服务是一个具有时代特征的历史现象 ,在当前显露出全球化背景下经济行为与文化行为互动性特征 ,站在综合国力提升和国际竞争力增强的战略高度审视高等教育服务贸易的长远影响至关重要。通过政府规制改革 ,建立起本国能够负责任地采纳并被其他成员国创造性地适应的高等教育及其服务贸易发展模式是各国政府的重要责任     

The generation of surface roughness during slurry erosion-corrosion and its effect on the pitting potential

Results of experiments performed to isolate the effect of surface roughness generated during slurry erosion-corrosion of 304L stainless steel are presented. Surfaces prepared by grinding to different finishes show that increasing the roughness lowers the pitting potential in chloride solution. Subsequent erosion by an aqueous sand slurry then alters this pitting potential (E_p), as measured in the solution phase alone, in a manner dependent on the initial surface roughness. Surfaces which were initially rougher show a pronounced rise in _p after erosion, while those with an initially smoother finish show a fall in E_p after erosion. Measurement of E_p during erosion-corrosion does not fit either process, with values of _Ep lower than those predicted from the surface roughness alone.     

Characterization of blasted austenitic stainless steel and its corrosion resistance

It is known that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is deteriorated by blasting, but the reason for this deterioration is not clear. A blasted austenitic stainless steel plate (JIS-SUS304) has been characterized with comparison to the scraped and non-blasted specimens. The surface roughness of the blasted specimen is larger than that of materials finished with #180 paper. A martensite phase is formed in the surface layer of both blasted and scraped specimens. Compressive residual stress is generated in the blasted specimen and the maximum residual stress is formed at 50–100 μm from the surface. The corrosion potentials of the blasted specimen and subsequently solution treated specimen are lower than that of the non-blasted specimen. The passivation current densities of the blasted specimens are higher those of the non-blasted specimen. The blasted specimen and the subsequently solution treated specimen exhibit rust in 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, while the non-blasted specimen and ground specimen do not rust in the solution. It is concluded that the deterioration of corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel through blasting is caused by the roughed morphology of the surface.     

Enabling factors toward production of nanostructured steel on an industrial scale

Utilizing the existing properties of steel, a modern technological society has been constructed. While there are over 25,000 worldwide equivalent steels based on manipulating the eutectoid transformation, there exist only a handful of commercial nanostructured steel alloys based on manipulating the more complex glass devitrification transformation. Thus, research on nanostructured steels is in its infancy, and many further developments are expected with the demonstrated promise of developing new combinations of superior properties. In this article, seven enabling metallurgical factors are presented that ultimately allow a variety of nanostructured steel products to be produced in an ever-increasing array of industrial processing techniques. Additionally, a case example of the formation of nanostructured steel are given showing how these factors can be harnessed on an industrial scale.     

DD—921钢铁常温发黑剂的研制和应用

研究了钢铁常温发黑过程的成膜机理,各组分之间的作用以及相互之间的影响,着重分析了常温发黑的优缺点,工艺控制参数以及经济性。