橡胶/粘土协同增韧环氧树脂的研究

采用橡胶/粘土协同增韧环氧树脂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对环氧树脂/橡胶/粘土复合材料的结构进行了研究,同时还研究了其力学性能.结果表明:纳米粘土和橡胶之间存在明显的协同增韧效应.从冲击断面的SEM分析可知,改性后的复合材料呈现明显的韧性断裂.XRD结果表明,粘土结构以插层结构为主,粘土片层间距由2.3nm增加到3.5nm以上.复合体系解决了单纯橡胶增韧环氧树脂时带来的强度和耐热性差的问题,使复合材料的力学性能和热性能均有一定的改善.     

砖艺营造浅谈

中国的砖艺是建筑空间造型的“基本词汇”,是劳动人民为适应生活需要和审美要求就地取材而创作的。它广泛地进入人民的生活,并与其他传统工艺美术一样,通过艺术实践的革新,创造出完善的风格。其中的画像砖最是富于审美意义,它以实用其基本功能,并由于画“像”于砖,使砖的审美价值得到了提升。     

化学固化对淤泥颗粒粒径及含水率影响的试验研究

以水泥、石灰和粉煤灰为固化材料,按照正交方法设计配合比,进行了淤泥的固化试验,通过测试固化淤泥的颗粒级配及含水率,研究了淤泥固化后其颗粒粒径分布及含水率的变化,探讨了固化材料中的各组分对淤泥固化效果的影响。结果发现,粉煤灰最有利于淤泥内部自由水和吸附水的减少,而石灰对于增大粒径效果最明显。淤泥经化学固化后,粘粒含量从34%降低到1%以下,强度稳定性和耐水性大大提高。     

平面应变条件下含孔洞土样受内压作用的变形破坏过程

在不同加载速率下,利用自主研制的平面应变模型加载及观测系统对平面应变条件下含孔洞土样进行双轴压缩实验。垂压由试验机施加,土样受到的内压和侧压作用由气囊施加。在对土样施加内压和侧压后、进行位移控制加载前,操控数码相机对喷涂了散斑的土样表面图像进行拍摄,以记录土样在位移控制加载过程中的全部变形过程。利用数字图像相关方法获得土样的位移场,利用能较好滤掉位移场噪声的局部位移最小二乘拟合方法获得最大剪切应变的分布及演变规律。为了定量获得最大剪切应变且分析方便,根据清晰剪切带位置,布置曲折测线并在其两侧布置平直测线。研究发现：当加载速率较低且纵向应变达到一定值时,拉破坏导致土样的孔洞顶部和底部发展出高角度应变局部化带,而当加载速率较高时,未出现上述现象;当纵向应变较高时,在孔洞表面附近,随着向孔洞表面的逐渐靠近,大多数剪切带内测线上的最大剪切应变逐渐增加,而大多数带外测线上的最大剪切应变则逐渐下降;当纵向应变较高时,在离孔洞表面较远处,随着向孔洞表面的逐渐靠近,大多数剪切带内测线上的最大剪切应变逐渐增加,而大多数带外测线上的最大剪切应变则变化复杂。     

Procedure for setting up the drying regime that is consistent with the nature and properties of the clay raw material

Over the past three decades, traditional ceramic facilities, such as chamber and tunnel dryers, are improved. Better thermotechnical equipment, operational strategies, and reliable scale-up methodologies have lead to higher quality of the dried clay roofing tiles. Although there has been a progress, up to this study, there is no universally or even widely applicable criterion, which could be used to precisely define the change of drying air parameters (humidity, temperature, and velocity) during the drying process. The objective of this study was to specify the variable air parameters that should be used during the drying process to approach as much as possible to the theoretically defined optimal drying process.     

长英质尾矿制备透水路面砖研究

介绍了透水砖的发展前景,利用矿物聚合机理以粉煤灰和长英质尾矿为主要原料制备出一种免烧路面透水砖,同时研究了砂灰比和骨料粒径对透水砖的影响.结果表明:随着骨料粒径增大,制品的透水系数增大,劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度减小;随着砂灰比增大,制品的透水系数增大,劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度随之减小.并对透水砖结构模型和机理做了探讨,发现砂灰比会影响制品的有效空隙,进而影响制品的透水性能.     

Tuning the nano/micro‐structure and properties of melt‐processed ternary composites of polypropylene/ethylene vinyl acetate blend and nanoclay: The influence of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters

The present study reports the dependence of the nano/micro‐structure and properties of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/nanoclay ternary composites on the kinetics and thermodynamics of the melt‐mixing process. The size of dispersed EVA particles in the blends increased in the presence of the nanoclay particles, whereas in the ternary blend composites the size of the EVA dispersions decreased with increasing processing time. Intercalation and exfoliation were achieved more efficiently in ternary composites prepared with a longer EVA processing time. Moreover, the incorporation of the nanoclay particles within the EVA phase and interphase, as well as a long processing time stabilized the morphology. The degree of crystallinity, melting behavior, and crystallization temperature of PP in the ternary composites were not influenced by the presence of the nanoclay particles or by the duration of the melt‐mixing process. The thermal stability of the ternary composites improved with increasing melt‐mixing time. The rheological and thermomechanical properties were found to be dependent on the processing time and on the resulting structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45585.     

Reinforced soy protein isolate–based bionanocomposites with halloysite nanotubes via mussel‐inspired dopamine and polylysine codeposition

Fully renewable soy protein isolate (SPI)–based film with rigid strength and sufficient water resistance is difficult to attain. In this study, the mussel‐inspired surface chemistry of ?‐poly‐L‐lysine (?‐PL)/dopamine was exploited for codeposition onto halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to engineer a multinetwork of HNT/SPI bionanocomposite films via physicochemical bonds. A series of ?‐PL/dopamine aqueous solutions at different concentration ratios were employed. The ?‐PL with abundant cationic amine groups could prevent the overoxidation of dopamine on HNT surfaces, thus maintaining sufficient free catechol groups for highly active reactions that improve the biphase interfacial adhesion. Moreover, HNTs surface entangled by ?‐PL chains could be more compatible with peptides. This codeposition of ?‐PL/dopamine on HNT (DLHNT) surfaces was analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Compared to the control SPI film, the tensile strength of the nanocomposite film (DLHNTs0.5/SPI) was increased from 5.9 MPa to 8.25 MPa, the Young's modulus was improved by 166.4%, and the moisture absorption was reduced to 56.1% (87.2% of the control). In summary, a facile and mild bioinspired surface chemistry of ?‐PL/dopamine codeposition onto HNT surfaces was performed to prepare SPI‐based nanocomposite films with improved interfacial adhesion and benign compatibility. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46197.     

Influence of Laponite RD on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels were prepared in the presence/absence of Laponite RD (LRD) by using glutaraldehyde (GL) as chemical crosslinker. The effect of GL concentration (CHO/OH ratio between 0.02 and 0.38) and of clay addition on the PVA hydrogel properties was investigated. The swollen hydrogels showed good transparency and flexibility. LRD incorporation into the PVA hydrogel, revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, led to a significant increase of the roughness of the dried hydrogel surface (about two times), as established by atomic force microscopy. The swelling ability was affected in a small extent by the clay addition. The elastic modulus decreased from 4680 to 3340 Pa and from 2195 to 1603 Pa by addition of 0.5% LRD into PVA hydrogels obtained with CHO/OH ratio of 0.02 and 0.06, respectively. The LRD addition reduced the gelation time determined by in situ rheological monitoring of PVA crosslinking reaction. The experimental investigations showed that there is an optimum CHO/OH ratio of 0.02 for which the PVA/LRD hybrid hydrogel presents the properties required by a targeted application, as for example support material for wound dressings. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46661.     

含砖粒再生粗骨料混凝土损伤性能试验研究

用废弃砖部分取代废弃混凝土(取代率r=0%、10%、20%、30%)作为再生粗骨料制成再生混凝土。采用超声波检测再生混凝土的损伤,以超声波波速的衰减来衡量损伤,对单轴受压持荷状态下再生混凝土试件进行超声试验。通过试验研究,得出不同废弃砖取代率下单轴压应力系数对再生混凝土损伤的影响规律。试验结果表明废弃砖粗骨料取代率对单轴受压条件下再生混凝土的损伤影响很大。针对再生混凝土损伤的主要影响因素—单轴压应力系数,建立了含砖粒再生粗骨料混凝土的损伤关系模型。