Evaluation of group effect of pile group under dragload embedded in clay

A simple semi-empirical analysis method for predicting the group effect of pile group under dragload embedded in clay was described assuming an effective influence area around various locations of pile group. Various pile and soil parameters such as the array of pile group, spacing of the piles (S), embedment length to diameter ratio of piles (L/D) and the soil properties such as density (γ), angle of internal friction (φ) and pile-soil interface friction coefficient (μ) were considered in the analysis. Model test for dragload of pile group on viscosity soil layer under surface load consolidation conditions was studied. The variations of dragload of pile, resistance of pile tip and the layered settlement of soil with consolidation time were measured. In order to perform comparative analysis, single pile was tested in the same conditions. The predicted group effect values of pile group under dragload were then compared with model test results carried out as a part of the present investigation and also with the values reported in literatures. The predicted values were found to be in good agreement with the measured values, validating the developed analysis method. The model test results show that negative skin friction of pile shaft will reach 80%–90% of its maximum value, when pile-soil relative displacement reaches 2 mm. Foundation item: Project(50679015) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

水网密集区粘土路基当量回弹模量的预估分析

基于非饱和土基本理论,利用基质吸力及土水特征曲线的最新研究成果,对受地下水位控制的粘土路基的平衡湿度状态进行了预估分析;同时采用室内重复动三轴试验方法,建立了非饱和粘性路基土动回弹模量的双线性本构经验预估模型。将上述研究成果相结合,创建了综合考虑路基湿度和应力状态的路基当量回弹模量的预估方法,并结合实体工程建立了以地下水位、路基填筑高度为核心的路基当量回弹模量预估方程。通过与试验路上传统测试方法测试结果的对比分析,表明该评价方法具有准确、可靠特点。研究成果从平衡湿度和应力状态耦合控制的角度,对水网密集区粘土路基当量回弹模量的确定提供了新的视角和途径。     

冻结方式影响试样内部结构变化的CT研究

利用CT技术可以在不破坏土体结构的情况下,连续不间断的观测到土体试样内各局部区域参数的变化.研究了两种粉质黏土试样分别以不同冻结方式进行冻结,并对试样进行了无损CT扫描,比较了冻结前后的CT数变化,由此定量得到试样内部各区域含水量和干密度的变化程度.结果表明:对于初始均匀的试样而言,不同冻结方式,对试样冻结后其内部含水量和干密度的变化的影响程度及趋势是不同的,比较而言,轴向冻结方式对冻土试样内部含水量的变化影响要小于径向冻结方式.     

温度和初始颗粒大小对絮体破碎再絮凝的研究

鉴于絮体的形成/破碎/再絮凝过程在适当条件下具有强化去除水中颗粒物的效果,研究温度和初始颗粒大小对絮体破碎再絮凝去除水中颗粒的影响.采用PDA2000透光率脉动检测仪对絮体破碎再絮凝过程进行在线监测.结果表明,在较低温度条件下,絮体破碎后能有较大的恢复率;初始颗粒越大,絮体大小恢复率越高,由较小初始颗粒产生的絮体经破碎后再絮凝其再生能力不如大颗粒,沉后水浊度与大颗粒相比不具有降低优势.当电中和机理占主导作用时,絮体破碎后能重新絮凝,絮体大小能恢复到破碎之前;而当网捕卷扫机理占主导作用时,絮体的恢复能力不如电中和条件,再絮凝能力降低.絮体破碎后再絮凝的沉后水浊度明显低于破碎前,水温对其结果的影响不大.絮体破碎后再絮凝,适用于较大的初始颗粒和较低水温.     

干燥、粉碎一体化装置

本文对干燥、粉碎一体化装置的典型设备惰性粒子流化床干燥器进行剖析,介绍应用情况,并作了经济性评价。     

空间晶体生长流体效应的实验研究和理论分析

在空间晶体生长实时观察装置上，利用溶液中形成的铌酸钾微晶作示踪粒子，首次在空间高温氧化物熔液内，实时观察和记录了空间表面和力对流效应。利用测量的结果计算了熔体内空间表面张力对流的速度场，并与地面表面张力对流的速度场进行了对比，理论计算与实验结果基本吻合。探讨了空间均匀分布铌酸钾微晶的形成机理。结果表明：表面张务对流在空间晶体生长过程中起主要作用，是形成均匀分布胞状晶体的主要机理。     

Preparation of composite particles made from solid powders and wasted plastics by semichemical recycle method

Composite particles composed of solid powders and polymer were prepared by semichemical recycle of wasted plastics. Waste expanded polystyrene was used as raw materials of polymer matrix of composite particles. Both magnetite and silicon carbide powders were used as solid powders to give thermal and electric conductivity and magnetization, respectively. In the experiment, the oil‐phase dissolving expanded polystyrene was dispersed in fine droplets into the continuous water phase. Two kinds of powders were added at the same time or separately in the O/W dispersion. Composite particles were found to have the structure that polymer particle was covered with two kinds of solid powders. The mean diameter of composite particles and the content of each solid powder were strongly affected by the addition time when silicon carbide powder was added into the dispersion. Furthermore, it was found that the gradient adhesion layer due to two solid powders was able to be formed on the surface of polymer particle. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 483–488, 2003     

Enhancement of radiation‐resistant effect in ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers by the formation of ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymers/clay nanocomposites

Ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers/clay nanocomposites, prepared by using nonreactive organophilic clay and reactive organophilic clay, were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The influence of gamma irradiation on the structure and properties of the pure EVA and EVA/clay nanocomposites was systematically investigated. In the presence of gamma radiation, the clay can effectively restrain the increase of the storage modulus of EVA/clay nanocomposites, which was supported by dynamical mechanical analysis. Gamma irradiation had almost no effect on the thermal properties of EVA/clay nanocomposites by using nonreactive organophilic clay, but it obviously improved the thermal stability of EVA/clay nanocomposites by using reactive organophilic clay. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 2532–2538, 2005     

Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan/sodium montmorillonite hybrid films

Carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan (CKGM)/ sodium montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid films of various compositions were prepared by casting from a polymer/silicate water suspension. The structure and properties of the hybrid films were investigated by wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests. The results from WXRD and TEM indicated that an intercalated CKGM/MMT nanocomposite film was obtained by polymer solution intercalation. WXRD and DSC showed that the high‐T_m crystal phase was induced by the presence of lower MMT loading, but the T_m of the hybrid films became weak with the increase of MMT content due to the polymer confinement. The hybrid films showed higher thermal stability and mechanical properties than that of the neat polysaccharide due to the strong interaction between hydroxyl and carbonyl group of CKGM and the silicate layer of MMT. Furthermore, the degree of swelling of the hybrid films was investigated in acidic buffer solutions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2954–2961, 2007     

Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation in an intermeshing corotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of molecular weight of PP‐MA (maleic anhydride‐ modified polypropylene) on clay dispersion and mechanical properties of nanocomposites was investigated. After injection molding, the tensile properties and impact strength were measured. The best overall mechanical properties were found for composites containing PP‐MA having the highest molecular weight. The basal spacing of clay in the composites was measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Nanoscale morphology of the samples was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallization kinetics was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy at a fixed crystallization temperature. Increasing the clay content in PP‐ MA330k/clay, a well‐dispersed two‐component system, caused the impact strength to decrease while the crystallization kinetics and the spherulite size remained almost the same. On the other hand, PP/PP‐MA330k/clay, an intercalated three‐component system containing some dispersed clay as well as the clay tactoids, showed a much smaller size of spherulites and a slight increase in impact strength with increasing the clay content. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1562–1570, 2002