Consideration of Energy Dissipation for the Strength of Adhesive Joints

For some adhesive joints where the main difference is the degree of contact at the interface, failure occurs not at the interface, but some distance away in the polymer itself. This cohesive mode of failure in the polymer was always found to be the case in our studies of cupric oxide to branched polyethylene interfaces, even where the joint was so weak that the peeled surface seemed clean of the polymer to the naked eye. It was observed that the strength of the joint was associated with the coarseness of the texture of the peeled surface of the polymer. With a differential scanning calorimetry technique we have shown that the coarseness of the surface texture and therefore the strength of the joint, is a direct function of the amount of polymer involved in plastic deformation. The strength criteria for the adhesive joint of this kind is thus the energy of deformation and not the maximum tensile stress that the material can withstand.     

Adhesive Joint Durability Assessed Using Open-faced Peel Specimens

This paper presents an investigation of the durability of two aluminum-epoxy adhesive systems by means of open-faced peel specimens. A peel analysis model was used to determine the fracture energy from the peel data. Both wet and dry peel tests were conducted in order to distinguish between the reversible and the permanent effects of water. The effects of water on the cohesive properties of the adhesives were also assessed by tension tests. It was found that, for the two-part epoxy adhesive, which plasticized to a large extent, the peel testing should be carried out in a dry state to assess the interfacial weakening. It was also observed that the two-part adhesive was much stiffer in the dry, degraded state, and it was important to take account of such permanent changes in the cohesive properties associated with water uptake when determining the fracture energy from the peel data. In contrast, the one-part epoxy system did not suffer from appreciable cohesive changes, either reversible or permanent. In this case, both wet and dry failure loci were interfacial, and some of the interfacial damage was found to be reversible. Finally, surface analyses of the peel failure surfaces were carried out, and the formation of micro-debonds was identified as a possible mechanism of degradation for the two-part system.     

Geometrical study of mixed adhesive joints for high-temperature applications

The use of adhesives for high-performance structural applications has significantly increased in the last decades. However, the use of adhesive joints in adverse environmental conditions is still limited due to the reduced capability of adhesives to withstand large thermal gradients. Dual adhesive joints, which contain two adhesives with remarkably different mechanical behaviours, are a technique suitable for being used in extreme temperatures. The object of this study is a ceramic–metal joint, representative of the thermal protection systems of some aerospace vehicles. In this paper, several joint-mixed joint geometries are presented, studied with recourse to finite element analysis. In a first phase, the three-dimensional finite element models and the material properties are validated against experimental data. In a second phase, the model geometry is modified, with the aim of understanding the effect of several changes in the joints’ mechanical behaviour and comparing the merits of each geometry. The models’ presented good agreement was found between experimental and numerical data and the alternative geometries allowed the introduction of additional flexibility on the joint but at the cost of lower failure load.     

Formation and catalytic performance of supported ni nanoparticles via self‐reduction of hybrid NiAl‐LDH/C composites

In the present work, hybrid NiAl‐layered double hydroxide/carbon (LDH/C) composites with adjustable compositions were successfully assembled by crystallization of LDH in combination with carbonization of glucose under hydrothermal conditions, and further utilized as an integrated catalyst for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of acetylene. The materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the supported Ni nanoparticles with the small crystallite size of about 10 nm could be obtained by in situ self‐reduction of as‐assembled hybrid LDH/C composites in the course of CCVD. The carbon in the hybrid structure as a reducing agent played a key role for the high dispersion of resulting Ni nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Ni nanoparticles obtained here exhibited excellent activity for catalytic growth of CNTs, which could be delicately tuned by varying the compositions of hybrid composites. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010     

混合地震反演技术及其在水合物勘探中的应用

在没有钻井资料的勘探地区，人们期望能快速准确地反演出各种属性参数。虽然叠后反演简单易行，但仅能反演出波阻抗信息；而叠前反演能够提供较多的属性参数，但运算量巨大。为将叠前和叠后的优势有机地结合起来，人们提出了混合反演的方法。混合反演法的基本原理是：首先采用基因遗传算法，在叠前数据上根据勘探要求任意选择控制点进行波形反演，建立弹性模型；然后利用AVO处理方法得到P波和伪s波剖面；最后，在P波和伪S波数据体上，以弹性模型作为低频背景趋势，进行叠后约束稀疏脉冲反演，得到P波阻抗和S波阻抗剖面以及纵横波速度比、泊松比和拉梅参数等地震属性参数。利用混合反演法对我国南海北部的0101线进行了反演，得到了品质较高的多种属性剖面，并对水合物的赋存情况进行了分析。     

含混合式抽水蓄能电站的梯级水电站群调度规则建模方法

含混合式抽水蓄能电站的梯级水电站群调度运行复杂,国内外研究较少.以第二松花江白山-丰满混合式抽水蓄能电站梯级水电站群为背景,提出了梯级水电站群长期调度规则建模方法.该方法以典型日负荷为基础推求调峰、填谷电价曲线,以发电效益最大为目标,以保证出力为约束构建了长期调度规则优化模型,并将混合式抽水蓄能电站的抽水与发电水-能转换模型引入随机动态规划算法进行模型求解.实例计算结果表明,所提模型方法能够有效解决混合式抽水蓄能电站长期优化调度问题.     

混合压裂在苏里格致密气藏水平井的应用

苏里格致密砂岩气资源量巨大,压裂水平井是重要的开采手段之一。常规水力压裂形成的高导流短裂缝对于致密砂岩储层或低渗砂岩储层Ⅲ,Ⅳ类井增产效果较差,另外,高黏度交联冻胶压裂液对储层伤害较大。通过借鉴混合压裂工艺在国外致密气田的成功案例,结合苏里格致密砂岩气藏的地质特征,使用StimPlan软件模拟常规压裂和混合压裂裂缝形态,并借助井下微地震监测结果,分析了2种压裂工艺井的裂缝展布特征,验证了压裂施工效果。最后,通过苏里格东区致密气藏60余口水平井的试气和生产产量对比,得知混合压裂比常规压裂增产效果明显,且降低了施工成本。混合压裂工艺由于"低伤害、控缝高、造缝长、低成本"等特点,是苏里格致密砂岩气藏开发中的有效增产手段之一。     

基于概率—模糊—区间混合模型和改进分枝限界法的重力坝可靠性分析方法

借助传统概率模型评估重力坝服役安全需明确参数的概率分布,而非概率区间模型所得结论难以准确度量重力坝服役可靠程度,因此,本文提出了基于概率-模糊-区间混合模型和改进分枝限界法的重力坝可靠性分析方法。基于原型、室内试验成果与安全监测资料,结合参数时变模型和区间反演分析方法,建立综合考虑随机变量、模糊变量和区间变量的重力坝可靠性分析混合模型;利用信息熵法和Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)最优化条件解耦混合模型,通过基于当量正态化法的验算点法(JC法)计算可靠指标;对传统分枝限界法加以改进搜索主要失效模式,采用Ditlevsen窄界限法计算体系可靠度,综合评估重力坝整体服役安全。工程实例分析表明,本文方法可求解多种不确定因素共存的重力坝可靠性分析问题,适用范围较广;计算结果仍为概率可靠指标,表明在符合重力坝运行规律的前提下所选定坝段存在滑动失稳的可能性,与大坝的实际服役情况相吻合。此外,建立的可靠性分析混合模型,经一定的改进和拓展后,亦可用于其他结构工程的可靠性分析。     

混合动力客车的排放污染物测量及分析

参考国内外现有的车辆排放污染物测量方法,在整车试验转鼓上使用车载尾气排放仪,在国内首次对混合动力客车和传统客车进行排放对比测量试验,验证了混合动力客车可以减少车辆污染物排放,并取得了一些大型车辆排放污染物的测量经验。     

能量混合型燃料电池城市客车系统设计与性能测试

设计了燃料电池城市客车动力系统并对其进行了试验研究。根据动力性要求确定了驱动电机功率,针对零部件现状设计了能量混合型构型并进行了主要零部件的选择,应用车载性能测试系统对该示范车进行了动力性和经济性测试。结果表明,该示范车动力性满足城市行驶需求,经济性优于同类汽油车。