Treatment of low turbidity water by sweep coagulation using bentonite

A novel strategy of sweep coagulation to treat low turbidity water is presented herein. Study findings demonstrated that an Na⁺‐saturated bentonite with medium cation exchange capacity (CEC) resulted in significant turbidity removal at a bentonite dosage of 30 mg dm^?3. Bentonite dispersion with fully delaminated platelets tended to undergo a more porous type of coagulation with intense face‐to‐face interactions of platelets and effectively entrapped TiO₂ particles in band‐type structures. This type of coagulation usually results in a large volume of settled flocs with a fluffy structure and excellent turbidity removal efficiency for sweep coagulation. The sign and magnitude of electrical charge on TiO₂ particles has a minor effect on the efficiency of sweep coagulation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

含油废水处理

在水量水质调查的基础上，本文提出了以出水回用为目的的含油废水隔油调节沉淀－混凝沉淀－砂滤处理工艺，动态模型试验表明，废水中油和ＣＯＤ的去除率分别达到９５％和９０％，出水浊度低于２，此水质完全可回用于有关生产车间。     

Effects of coagulation bath temperature on structure and performance of poly （vinyl butyral） hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

Poly （vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via thermally induced phase separation （TIPS）. The effects of coagulation bath temperature （CBT） on the structure and performance of membranes were investigated in detail. The morphologies of the membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, the performances of water permeability, rejection, breaking strength and elongation were measured, respectively. The results indicate that all the membranes have the asymmetric morphology and the thickness of the skin layer decreases and the pore size of the outer layer increases with the increase of CBT. The permeability of membranes prepared at air gap 1.0 cm and take-up speed 0.253 m/s increases from 1.047×10-7 to 5.909×10-7 m3/（m2·s-kPa） with the CBT increasing from 20 ℃ to 40℃, and sharply increases to 35.226×10 7 m3/（m2.s.kPa）once the CBT arrives at 50 ℃. While the carbonic ink rejections have no significant decrease, totally exceed 98%, but that of acid-maleic acid copolymer greatly decreases with the increase of CBT. Both the breaking strength and elongation decrease with the increase of CBT.     

西流湖水混凝效果的研究

通过比较不同混凝剂对西流湖水的混凝效果，找出最佳混凝剂和最佳投混凝条件，从而达到提高混凝效率和出水水质的目的。     

蒸发时间对两级凝胶法制备的聚醚砜膜结构和性能的影响

主要探讨了蒸发时间对用两级凝胶法(dual—bath coagulation method)所制得的聚醚砜(PES)超滤膜的性能和结构的影响．结果表明，随着蒸发时间的延长，水通量先减小后增大；肌肝和尿素去除率均是先升高而后降低，然后再升高的趋势；膜的孔隙率上升，平均孔径下降．在蒸发时间为10s时，肌肝和尿素去除率最高，且水通量适中，是血液净化用聚醚砜膜的最佳成形条件．     

投药条件对结团凝聚工艺的影响

本文阐述了结团凝聚的基本原理及优越性。认为在结团工艺中,PAC的主要作用是使水中颗粒脱稳凝聚形成理想的初始粒子;而PAM的主要作用是增强初始粒子同结团体间的结合强度,由此亦决定了PAC和PAM投加位置的不同。通过实验研究,得出了PAC和PAM对分析指标Ct、ρe、dp的影响规律和它们的适宜范围。     

氧化混凝法处理苎麻脱胶煮炼废水的试验研究

探讨了以Fenton试剂和石灰对苎麻脱胶煮炼废水进行氧化混凝处理的方法.试验表明,当FeSO4·7H20、H2O2(质量分数30%)、饱和石灰乳的投加量分别为3 g/L、3 mL/L和4 mL/L时,CODcr的去除率>50%,色度去除率>90%.更重要的是,处理后出水可部分回用于煮炼生产,从而节约生产用碱量,减少废水排放量,还可提高废水可生化性,为后续生物处理创造条件.该处理方法是一种清洁生产处理方法,具有较广阔的应用前景.     

An efficient second‐order characteristic finite element method for non‐linear aerosol dynamic equations

In the paper we consider the non‐linear aerosol dynamic equation on time and particle size, which contains the advection process of condensation growth and the process of non‐linear coagulation. We develop an efficient second‐order characteristic finite element method for solving the problem. A high accurate characteristic method is proposed to treat the condensation advection while a second‐order extrapolation along the characteristics is proposed to approximate the non‐linear coagulation. The method has second‐order accuracy in time and the optimal‐order accuracy of finite element spaces in particle size, which improves the first‐order accuracy in time of the classical characteristic method. Numerical experiments show the efficient performance of our method for problems of log‐normal distribution aerosols in both the Euler coordinates and the logarithmic coordinates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE FORMATION OF NANOPARTICLES IN AN IMPINGING TWIN-JET

The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method has been used to solve the fluid momentum equations coupled with a convection-diffusion equation to study the formation of pollutant nanoparticles in a vehicular exhaust with impinging twin-jet. The functions of the space (S) between the two jets and the distance (H) from the exit of nozzle to the impingement plane are evaluated according to the distributions of pollutant nanoparticles. The results show that the nucleation produces a large number of nanoparticles, and gas-to-nanoparticle conversion mostly takes place in the interface region of the two jets, the circumambience of the jets, and region near the plane. The maximal particle size and maximal number concentration produced by both nucleation and coagulation appear around the region of free jet and the region near the plane, respectively. The significant differences for various spaces between the two jets are the number concentration and size distributions in the interface region of the two jets. For the case with larger space, more nanoparticles are produced by nucleation and coagulation. The more the distance from the exit of nozzle to the impingement plane, the lower is the number concentration and the fewer the particles distribute near the plane. Increasing the distance from nozzle to plane is beneficial to the reduction of nanoparticle formation.     

Influence of denaturation and aggregation of β-lactoglobulin on rennet coagulation properties of skim milk and ultrafiltered milk

Skim milk and ultrafiltered milk were heated at temperatures in the range 80–140 °C for 4s in a UHT plate heat exchanger. The extent of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin and its association with the casein micelles increased with increase in heating temperature; the extent of association was markedly less than the amount that denatured. There was no noticeable difference in the extent of denaturation and association of β-lactoglobulin between skim milk and the corresponding ultrafiltered milk. The coagulation properties of renneted heated milks were measured by dynamic oscillation rheometry. Gelation times and storage modulus (G′) could be related to the extent of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin and its association with the casein micelles. Denaturation of β-lactoglobulin up to 60% had no effect on the gelation time, but additional denaturation markedly increased the gelation times. In contrast, G' decreased gradually with increase in the extent of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin and its association with casein micelles. The effects of β-lactoglobulin denaturation and association on coagulation properties were less pronounced in ultrafiltered milk. G' values for ultrafiltered milk were markedly higher than the corresponding skim milks under all heating conditions.