用多个对应的后向神经网络进行同杆双回线故障识别及测距的模式

电力系统高压同杆双回输电线的应用日益增多，但其故障识别与测距的问题尚未完全解决，同杆双回线因存在回路间耦合等因素，使得用单一的神经网络进行故障识别与测距的结果并不理想。作者比较分析了BP网络与Kohonen网络在同杆双回线测距方面的优缺点，提出了将故障识别与测距任务分配到多个网络的方法即将同杆双回线的每种故障模式各与一个BP人工神经网络对应，在线路上取一些固定点作为标志点，训练成功的BP网络输出的模糊值代表了标志点上发生故障的可能性。用模糊值构成插值曲线，根据曲线的相对位置确定故障模式，并由曲线的最小值求得故障距离。大量仿真表明该法可以准确可靠地确定故障模式并能测得较高的测距精度。     

Children's use of frequency information for trait categorization and behavioral prediction.

Two experiments examined young children's use of behavioral frequency information to make behavioral predictions and global personality attributions. In Experiment 1, participants heard about an actor who behaved positively or negatively toward 1 or several recipients. Generally, children did not differentiate their judgments of the actor on the basis of the amount of information provided. In Experiment 2, the actor behaved positively or negatively toward a single recipient once or repeatedly. Participants were more likely to make appropriate predictions and attributions after exposure to multiple target behaviors and with increasing age. Overall, children's performance was influenced by age-related positivity and negativity biases. These findings indicate that frequency information is important for personality judgments but that its use is affected by contextual complexity and information-processing biases. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Psychology of language.

Reviews the book, Psychology of Language by Allan Paivio and Ian Begg (1981). The present volume constitutes a well-organized and sometimes provocative contribution that merits careful consideration. From the start, the authors set to work toward achieving their stated goals of emphasizing "historical and interdisciplinary concerns". They present a careful analysis of the three positions which they contrast throughout the book: the linguistic, the behavioural, and the cognitive. The particular version of the cognitive view that receives the most detailed consideration is Paivio's dual-coding theory. After the basic principles of these orientations are presented, they are brought to bear upon the central problems of language, including meaning, comprehension, memory and acquisition. Who will benefit from this book? The authors state that they hope it will be useful to upper year undergraduate and graduate students. It is the reviewer's feeling that most undergraduates would find this to be a difficult text. It is the serious and even sophisticated student of language for whom it will be of greatest value. Omissions notwithstanding, Psychology of Language presents many thoughtful and scholarly ideas. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

空间隐喻的英汉对比

以汉语的“上下“结构为例,从形式到意义上与对应的英语空间结构作比较,试图找出英、汉的空间隐喻在“状态、地位、数量“3个概念域中有何异同,并揭示空间关系背后的认知习惯.     

移情教学--提高历史教学质量的有效途径

指出情感在教学过程中重大作用,强调积极情感对教学的功能.针对历史教学中情感教育不足的现状,提出根据历史学科的特点,结合学生身心发展规律,从"诱发"、"加深"、"陶冶"、"熏陶"、"培养"等各个环节实施移情教学.     

The effect of animation on comprehension and interest

Abstract  Although animations are believed to be effective in learning and teaching, several studies have failed to confirm this. Nevertheless, animations might be more attractive and motivating. Fourth and sixth grade students learned the operation of a bicycle pump from graphics that were: (i) presented simultaneously; (ii) presented successively; (iii) self-paced, or (iv) animated. The presentation mode affected evaluation of perceived comprehensibility, interestingness, enjoyment and motivation, but not comprehension test score. Fourth graders who were low in need for cognition rated the animations as more enjoyable and motivating, whereas sixth graders rated self-paced graphics as more interesting and motivating. The evaluations of sixth graders correspond to results of many studies on learning. Animations are not more effective than equivalent static graphics in learning, and they are not seen as more motivating by sixth graders.     

人工智能研究需要新的理论突破——强人工智能实现的理论模型

本文简要回顾国内外人工智能的发展历史以及取得的成就.在介绍人工智能各种认知观的基础上,分析现阶段人工智能研究存在的问题,提出应从能量及能量感知、自创新和缺陷设计等方面研究新的理论突破与实践方案,并且在此基础上,提出了强人工智能实现的理论模型.     

Implicit self-esteem compensation: Automatic threat defense.

Four experiments demonstrated implicit self-esteem compensation (ISEC) in response to threats involving gender identity (Experiment 1), implicit racism (Experiment 2), and social rejection (Experiments 3-4). Under conditions in which people might be expected to suffer a blow to self-worth, they instead showed high scores on 2 implicit self-esteem measures. There was no comparable effect on explicit self-esteem. However, ISEC was eliminated following self-affirmation (Experiment 3). Furthermore, threat manipulations increased automatic intergroup bias, but ISEC mediated these relationships (Experiments 2-3). Thus, a process that serves as damage control for the self may have negative social consequences. Finally, pretest anxiety mediated the relationship between threat and ISEC (Experiment 3), whereas ISEC negatively predicted anxiety among high-threat participants (Experiment 4), suggesting that ISEC may function to regulate anxiety. The implications of these findings for automatic emotion regulation, intergroup bias, and implicit self-esteem measures are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

直流储能充电机的改造

针对4种型号直流储能充电机控制器存在的问题，采取改进控制器、增加电池巡检仪的措施，实施效果较好。     

Introduction to the special section on cognitive processes and psychotherapy.

Theoretical models featuring cognitive processes have played a fundamental role in advancing knowledge of psychopathology and its treatment and have emphasized the importance of cognition in psychotherapy. Recognition of the importance of cognition in psychotherapy has led to a number of questions that are addressed by the articles in this special section of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. Cognitive therapy is well represented in the articles in this special section, but therapeutic procedures that do not represent typical cognitive therapy are also examined. The articles in this special section focus on homework in the modification of cognition, cognition in the treatment of anxiety in adults and in children, change in depressive cognitions in children, cognition and rapid change in the treatment of depression, and the role of cognition in the treatment and prevention of depression that is recurrent. Examination of these types of questions holds the possibility of advances in existing treatments and the possibility of innovations in new treatments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)