Sex-Related Differences in Regional Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity in Non-Demented Elderly Subjects

The role of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown has been recognized as being important in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. We aimed to evaluate whether regional BBB integrity differed according to sex and whether differences in BBB integrity changed as a consequence of aging or cognitive decline, using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In total, 75 participants with normal cognition (NC) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underwent cognitive assessments and MRI examination including DCE-MRI. Regional K_trans was calculated in cortical regions and the Patlak permeability model was used to calculate BBB permeability (K_trans, min⁻¹). Females had a lower median K_trans in the cingulate and occipital cortices. In the “older old” group, sex differences in K_trans were only observed in the occipital cortex. In the MCI group, sex differences in K_trans were only observed in the occipital cortex. Age was the only predictor of cognitive assessment scores in the male MCI group; however, educational years and K_trans in the occipital cortex could predict cognitive scores in the female MCI group. Our study revealed that females may have better BBB integrity in cingulate and occipital cortices. We also found that sex-related differences in BBB integrity are attenuated with aging or cognitive decline.     

Inhibition of BET Proteins during Adolescence Affects Prefrontal Cortical Development: Relevance to Schizophrenia

Background: The present study investigated the role of proteins from the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family in schizophrenia-like abnormalities in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia induced by prenatal methylazoxymethanol (MAM) administration (MAM-E17). Methods: An inhibitor of BET proteins, JQ1, was administered during adolescence on postnatal days (P) 23–P29, and behavioural responses (sensorimotor gating, recognition memory) and prefrontal cortical (mPFC) function (long-term potentiation (LTP), molecular and proteomic analyses) studies were performed in adult males and females. Results: Deficits in sensorimotor gating and recognition memory were observed only in MAM-treated males. However, adolescent JQ1 treatment affected animals of both sexes in the control but not MAM-treated groups and reduced behavioural responses in both sexes. An electrophysiological study showed LTP impairments only in male MAM-treated animals, and JQ1 did not affect LTP in the mPFC. In contrast, MAM did not affect activity-dependent gene expression, but JQ1 altered gene expression in both sexes. A proteomic study revealed alterations in MAM-treated groups mainly in males, while JQ1 affected both sexes. Conclusions: MAM-induced schizophrenia-like abnormalities were observed only in males, while adolescent JQ1 treatment affected memory recognition and altered the molecular and proteomic landscape in the mPFC of both sexes. Thus, transient adolescent inhibition of the BET family might prompt permanent alterations in the mPFC.     

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我国中、新生代含油气盆地中存在众多的多层油气藏，发为有层间窜流和无层间窜流两大类。无层间窜流的多层油气藏中存在压力差异衰竭和井内窜流现象，这会使多层气藏在开采中造成地层压力的大量耗，从而使一些油气层的产能很快丧失。有层间窜流的多层油气流在开采过程中，可以当作一个完整统一的气藏，当各产层的特性差异较突出时，也可能会在某一段时间和某一局部范围内出现差异衰竭现象。因此，在多层油气藏开采中，要应用电缆式地     

DEFICIENT INFORMATION MODELING OF MECHANICAL PRODUCTS FOR CONCEPTUAL SHAPE DESIGN

0 INTRODUCTIONThe importance of conceptual design is obvious in the product development process, and computer-aided conceptual design has become a major hotspot in the design field[1]. One predominant field of conceptual design is shape concept generation that has generally remained hard to formalize and systematize. The conventional CAD systems were not developed for this particular task[2].*Conventional geometric modeling techniques depend on purely mathematical representation to descr…     

锦州25-1区块探井钻井实践与认识

锦州25-1油田是渤海湾近年钻探发现的大型油田。锦州25-1区块先后钻了十多口探井,在钻井作业中遇到上部井眼扩大严重、井径不规则、井垮、起下钻遇阻卡、电测作业遇阻、电测井底沉砂较多、井漏等复杂情况。通过对锦州25-1区块前面几口探井钻井中出现的问题进行认真分析,研究了锦州25-1区块的地层压力剖面分布。经过不断的总结与措施改进后,在后面的探井钻井作业中做到了起下钻顺利,上部井径扩大率较小,未出现井垮情况,电测一次到底,钻井作业生产时间大幅度提高,为锦州25-1油田的生产井钻井积累了宝贵的经验。     

大港复杂断块油田二次开发重构地下认识体系

港西油田是典型的复杂断块油田,经过多年的开发,总体进入高含水高采出程度开发阶段.通过高分辨率三维地震资料的重新采集、处理和精细解释以及各种动态监测资料的综合应用,港西油田完成了重新构建地下认识体系,量化单砂体潜力和剩余油分布,探索了重构地下认识体系技术路线,初步应用取得较好效果,为二次开发重建井网方案的整体优化设计奠定了基础.     

塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷下古生界烃源岩的再认识

中国石油天然气股份有限公司在第三次油气资源评价成果和剩余油气资源领域分布评价基础上,提出了岩性-地层油气藏、前陆盆地冲断带,叠合盆地中下部组合和成熟探区富油气凹陷(区带)四大勘探领域.指出岩性-地层油气藏已成为油气储量增长的主体,前陆盆地冲断带是寻找大发现的重要领域,叠合盆地中下部组合增储地位日趋重要,富油气凹陷(区带)精细勘探潜力仍然很大.分析认为未来剩余油气资源主要分布在岩性-地层油气藏、叠合盆地中下部组合、前陆盆地、富油气凹陷(区带)、陆上新区新盆地、南海南部海域和非常规资源等七大领域,其中前四大领域勘探潜力仍然很大,是未来油气增储上产的重点领域;陆上新区新盆地、南海南部海域及非常规资源将是未来实现中国石油资源战略接替的重要领域.     

Psychological perspectives on acting.

Psychologists know surprisingly little about the cognitive and affective underpinnings of acting, and this stands in sharp in contrast to what has been learned about the psychological skills involved in music and the visual arts. In this article, the author discusses findings on the childhood precursors of acting talent and outlines a program of research she is initiating to test the hypothesis that acting training fosters strength in reading others' mental states, feeling others' feelings, and regulating one's own emotions in an adaptive manner. This research has implications for understanding the malleability of these outcomes and expertise in these abilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Getting a handle on learning anatomy with interactive three-dimensional graphics.

In 2 experiments, participants learned bone anatomy by using a handheld controller to rotate an on-screen 3-dimensional bone model. The on-screen bone either included orientation references, which consisted of visible lines marking its axes (orientation reference condition), or did not include such references (no–orientation reference condition). The learning task involved rotating the on-screen bone to match target orientations. Learning outcomes were assessed by asking participants to identify anatomical features from different orientations. On the learning task, the orientation reference group performed more accurately, directly, and quickly than did the control group, and high-spatial-ability individuals outperformed low-spatial-ability individuals. Assessments of anatomy learning indicated that under more challenging conditions, orientation references elevated learning by low-spatial-ability individuals to a level near that of high-spatial-ability individuals. The authors propose that orientation references assist this learning process by defining the object’s main axes or providing distinguishable features. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Wendell Richard Garner (1921-2008).

Wendell Richard Garner was born on January 21, 1921, in Buffalo, New York, and died quietly on August 14, 2008, in Redding, Connecticut. He was an experimental psychologist who changed the way researchers study human perception and cognition. He provided new knowledge about how people process information and structure and about how to ask scientific questions. Three classes of his contributions are particularly noteworthy. His concept of converging operations, that outcomes of different studies converge on a common concept, paved the way to powerful analytic techniques, such as additive factors modeling. His information and structure ideas shaped research in perception and cognition and pattern recognition. His perceptual independence notions set the stage for hundreds of studies of dimensional independence and interaction, of perceptual integrality and separability, and of dimensional attention that are still actively pursued. Life for Tex was not all science and administration. He collaborated on Earnshaw Cook's Percentage Baseball (1964) and briefly consulted with the Baltimore Orioles baseball club. I asked why he did not similarly analyze football for the Baltimore Colts. He said it might spoil his love for that game. After his death, nonsolicited kudos circulating on the Internet included such comments as I wish I had known him and I didn't know him, but I did know his elegant and insightful work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)