直齿圆柱齿轮挤压工艺实验

论述了温挤压成形时存在模具磨损与挤出齿轮件头部凸的问题,分析了其产生的原因与造成的后果.为了节约成本与生产顺利进行,采用冷挤压工艺方案进行工艺实验.实验研究了齿轮相关参数﹑挤压力估算﹑工艺过程与模具结构优化,成功地挤出直齿圆柱齿轮零件,经过分析比较,冷挤压挤出的齿轮零件表面质量比温挤压的好,而且没有发现模具磨损现象.实验表明,冷挤压工艺方案是可行的,且能提高模具寿命﹑改善齿轮件的表面质量和节约成本.     

二次冷轧机组宽中浪板形缺陷控制研究

针对某DCR（Double Cold Reduction）二次冷轧机组经常出现宽中浪板形缺陷的问题，基于二次冷轧的生产工艺特点，通过分析计算，发现1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度相差较大是宽中浪板形缺陷产生的主要原因，且鉴于该机组现有中间辊轴向横移和弯辊调控手段都不能有效消除该类板形缺陷，设计了1#机架中间辊辊型，该辊型在有效减少1#机架与2#机架承载辊缝比例凸度差异的同时，轧机的弯辊调控功效、中间辊轴向横移调控功效以及辊缝横向刚度都得到了有效提升。     

Aging Behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce Alloy

The aging properties of Cu-0.35Cr-0.038Zr-0.055Ce alloy are studied. The results show that can obtain higher electrical conductivity and microhardness after solutioned at 920℃ for lh, and aged at 500℃. The process of precipitation of the secondary phase can be accelerated with cold deformation before aging, so properties of the alloy are improved.Upon aging at 500℃ for 30 minutes after 60% cold deformation, the values of electrical conductivity and microhardness are 69.0%IACS and 152HV respectively, but they are only 66.2%IACS and 136HV upon directly aging after solution. With the addition of a trace of rare earth element Ce, the value of microhardness of Cu-0.35Cr-0.038Zr alloy increases 18～25HV,while the value of electrical conductivity drops a little.     

Cold forming processes: some examples of predictions and design optimization using numerical simulations

Predicting the behaviour of steel during a deformation process, and then under service conditions, is one of the main challenges in cold forming. The design of optimized forging schedules, by means of classical trial+errors procedures, has become increasingly heavy in terms of time and cost in a competitive environment. Simultaneously, the improvement of steel qualities requires the microstructure, constitutive behaviour and deformability to be known a priori regarding a targeted application. During the last few years, numerical simulations have become a very efficient tool to reach these goals.

In this paper, we give examples of innovating forging sequences developed by numerical simulations, including the investigation of damage in tools and forged parts. In case of specific processes with very determined geometry — such as wire drawing — we show how systematic numerical studies may lead to predictive models of force, local strains and residual stress…

However, reliable predictions from numerical simulations require reliable input data, including constitutive laws, friction conditions and propensity to ductile damage. These data must be characterized under realistic sollicitations. Typical cold forging loadings are indeed very severe: local strains up to 600%, strain rates locally greater than 1000 s⁻¹, and subsequently, plastic heating over 500°C.

To characterize the constitutive behaviour, the standard upset test between grooved dies is used along with an original methodology to derive the strain hardening curve from the experimental force-displacement recording. Tool elastic deformations, specimen strain heterogeneity… are taken into account. This enables a precise determination of the strain hardening curve up to about 100% of strain. The extrapolation of the flow stress to greater deformations is then very easy and reliable. Such a test can be performed under quasi-static and isothermal conditions (0.1 s⁻¹ but also adiabatic and rapid conditions (up to 10 s⁻¹). This procedure was adapted to a Pellini hammer, which enables very simple characterization at 800 s⁻¹. The comparison of all these flow curves lead to the formulation of an original constitutive model, which accounts for the effects of plastic heating, strain rate, dynamic aging…

In order to predict ductile fracture during the forging process, the most classical criteria were tested over a wide range of experimental loading conditions. None of them were general enough to solve all the cold forming problems. On the other hand, mesoscopic models describing the deformation of the metal matrix around inclusions or second phases have proved to be in good agreement with the various experimental observations. An original plasticity criterium, based on the recent works in porous plasticity theory, has been developed and already displays promising capabilities. Simple experimental procedures enable a reliable classification of steel qualities, heat treatments… in term of forgeability.

Finally, the friction problem is treated using different methodologies based on the forming process considered. For forging operations, a fine analysis of the force-displacement curves in direct extrusion stages may lead to a precise measurement of the friction coefficient under pressures from about 200 MPa up to 1000 MPa and for sliding rates between 1 and 100 mm/s. For wire drawing process, a model relying on an analytical approach using a significantly improved slice method has been developed: the comparison of the experimental drawing force and the predicted one gives the friction coefficient in industrial processing conditions (speed up to 5 m/s).     

五机架轧制设定规范处理系统的开发与应用

介绍了开发的五机架轧制设定规范处理系统，通过对轧钢主控工的操作设定进行了收集、理论运算、分析评价、并建立“轧制规范数据库”，以便直接在线回收进行轧制预设定，同时可用于对新产品品种规格工艺设定方案的制定，或对已有试轧设定方案进行离线模拟，测试其可行性及优劣。     

冷连轧过程控制数据管理系统的研究

数据管理系统逐渐成为冷连轧过程控制中的重要组成部分。介绍了一种基于组态软件的数据管理系统,重点介绍了过程数据的采集和存储,及其在冷连轧过程控制中的应用等。     

X70管线钢焊接性分析

针对管道建设中日益广泛采用的X70管线钢，分析了其碳当量与冷、热裂纹敏感性问题，探讨了防止X70管线钢产生冷裂纹的工艺措施，计算了不同板厚X70管线钢的预热温度，为实际的管道建设提供了理论依据与工程指导。     

GCr15钢花键轴套冷挤成形

对GCr15钢花键轴套零件的冷挤压工艺进行了分析 ,制定了先正挤花键后镦挤球头体的挤压方案 ,并介绍了该零件的冷挤压模结构及其特点     

齿轮的滚压塑性成形技术的研究现状

运用滚压成形技术进行齿轮塑性加工具有设备简单、刀具寿命长及效率高的特点,尤其对斜齿轮的成形加工,没有拔模问题。近年来,在国外该技术的研究与运用得到极大的重视。文章对这些研究成果进行介绍,主要内容为滚压成形方法、冷和热挤滚压成形时出现的问题及解决措施。期望能对认识滚压成形的内在规律有所帮助。     

对称复合板冷轧过程的上限分析

采用Hill提出的速度场 ,计算了对称复合板冷轧变形过程的能量消耗 ,在此基础上对软复层对称复合板在不同参数组合下冷轧时所需的最小摩擦、最大允许的加工率、以及复合板与轧辊间的摩擦状态进行了计算和分析 ,给出了相关计算曲线。计算结果表明 ,当基体材料的相对强度和相对厚度较小时 ,复合板冷轧时的变形行为与单金属冷轧时类似 ,但当基体材料的相对强度和相对厚度较大时 ,接触表面容易产生粘着现象。