Predicting external sulphur requirement of alfalfa from sulphate sorption isotherm of Tanzanian soils

For Tanzanian soils dominant in hydrous oxides of iron and amorphous ferri-alumino silicate, a 48-hour (hr) mixing period with the sulphate (SO₄) solution was adequate for a near-equilibrium condition. Although differing in their SO₄ sorption capacity, all the soils sorbed SO₄ at or beyond 1µg ml^–1 sulphur (S) concentration in the supernatant. Hydroxyl (OH) ions were displaced during SO₄ sorption as indicated by a significant positive correlation between the amount of sorbed SO₄ and the difference in pH values determined in 0.1N K₂ SO₄ and 0.1N KCl, i.e. the dpH values.In a greenhouse experiment, alfalfa was grown on eight soils at six adjusted S concentrations. Sulphur deficiency symptoms appeared in the control pots of those soils which were low in native sorbed SO₄, SO₄ sorption capacity and initial soil solution S concentration. Sulphur fertilization increased dry matter (DM) yield as well as response to applied S. The external S concentration, i.e. adjusted S concentration required for 95% of the maximum DM yield, ranged from 0.8 to 8.2µg S ml^–1 with values less than 2.0 on most of the soils. The external S concentration decreased hyperbolically as the SO₄ sorption capacity of the soils increased. The total amount of fertilizer S required to obtain the external S concentration in solution, and at the same time satisfy the SO₄ sorption capacity of the soil at the external S concentration (determined from the sorption isotherm) was defined as the external S requirement for the specified yield level of alfalfa. The external S requirement for 95% of the maximum yield of alfalfa varied from soil to soil due to differences in their capacity and intensity for S nutrition.Part of a thesis by the senior author for the MSc (Agric) degree of the University of Dar es Salaam     

Dynamic output feedback control of a flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicle via T–S fuzzy approach

By utilising Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy set approach, this paper addresses the robust H_∞ dynamic output feedback control for the non-linear longitudinal model of flexible air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (FAHVs). The flight control of FAHVs is highly challenging due to the unique dynamic characteristics, and the intricate couplings between the engine and fight dynamics and external disturbance. Because of the dynamics’ enormous complexity, currently, only the longitudinal dynamics models of FAHVs have been used for controller design. In this work, T–S fuzzy modelling technique is utilised to approach the non-linear dynamics of FAHVs, then a fuzzy model is developed for the output tracking problem of FAHVs. The fuzzy model contains parameter uncertainties and disturbance, which can approach the non-linear dynamics of FAHVs more exactly. The flexible models of FAHVs are difficult to measure because of the complex dynamics and the strong couplings, thus a full-order dynamic output feedback controller is designed for the fuzzy model. A robust H_∞ controller is designed for the obtained closed-loop system. By utilising the Lyapunov functional approach, sufficient solvability conditions for such controllers are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed T–S fuzzy dynamic output feedback control method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.     

An analysis of transport phenomena for multi-solid particle systems at higher reynolds numbers by a standard karman—pohlhausen method—I Momentum transfer

Using the concentric spheres free surface model and a standard 4th polynomial Karman—Pohlansen method, the dimensionless tangential stress distribution, and the dimensionless pressure distribution around a solid sphere in a swarm, and the viscous, form and total drag coefficient for multi-solid particle systems were computed numerically at higher Reynolds numbers. The void function obtained from the drag coefficient for multiparticle system was comparative to the experimental data. The friction factor for multi-particle systems so computed agreed with the experimental data of packed and distended beds.     

A comprehensive approach to evaluating watershed models for predicting river flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services

Selection of strategies that help reduce riverine inputs requires numerical models that accurately quantify hydrologic processes. While numerous models exist, information on how to evaluate and select the most robust models is limited. Toward this end, we developed a comprehensive approach that helps evaluate watershed models in their ability to simulate flow regimes critical to downstream ecosystem services. We demonstrated the method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model, and Distributed Large Basin Runoff Model (DLBRM) applied to the Maumee River Basin (USA). The approach helped in identifying that each model simulated flows within acceptable ranges. However, each was limited in its ability to simulate flows triggered by extreme weather events, owing to algorithms not being optimized for such events and mismatched physiographic watershed conditions. Ultimately, we found HSPF to best predict river flow, whereas SWAT offered the most flexibility for evaluating agricultural management practices.     

基于C#的C/S和B/S职场发展分析

本文首先介绍了C/S架构和B/S架构的产生背景和历史,然后从企业应用和开发人员等角度分析了它们的优缺点,并进行了不同维度的比较。最后,笔者基于自己的C#工作经历,对这两种架构模式的国内现状提出了若干职场分析和建议。     

基于Delphi的“虚拟胶片打印系统”的技术实现

利用Delphi和VS这两种开发平台,结合Oracle数据库,实现胶片排版、胶片调整、虚拟打印,自助打印、系统管理等功能。重点介绍了系统开发过程中针对特殊问题采用的几种技术。目的是完成胶片的集中打印管理,胶片存储备份,减少开支。     

大学论文评审系统的设计与实现

详细介绍了大学论文评审系统的应用开发背景、系统开发方案、系统功能结构设计、数据库设计以及系统功能的实现。系统基于B/S模式,采用DreamWeaverCS3、ASP和Access数据库开发,实现了用户登录验证,学生在线提交论文、查询论文评审信息、发表留言,专家在线查询、下载和评审论文以及回复留言,管理员后台数据管理等功能,提高了大学论文评审的效率,实现了大学论文评审和管理的高效性、数字化和网络化。     

基于SkyEye的嵌入式Linux移植仿真技术研究

在嵌入式系统开发中,经常需要硬件开发板来调测软件,不仅操作繁琐,硬件环境不稳定时问题也很难定位;有时还会遇到软件等待硬件调试,延误开发周期的情况。在PC桌面系统下,探讨了一种基于SkyEye虚拟硬件技术的嵌入式平台仿真技术,介绍如何建立仿真基础环境,编译嵌入式Linux内核,制作根文件系统,编译、配置SkyEye,以S3C6410X为目标机处理器,将Linux内核及文件系统移植到基于SkyEye虚拟的ARM体系架构下,为嵌入式系统的研发探索了一种新的途径。     

基于DedeCMS的视频点播模块实现与比较

对视频点播方法进行研究和探讨,将DedeCMS为基础的视频模块与流媒体服务、FTP服务的视频点播形式进行对比。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Al-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-48 Mesoporous Materials

A novel route in the synthesis of Al-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-48, using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and sodium aluminate (NaAlO₂) as Si and Al source has been obtained. The effect of surfactant nature and the synthesis conditions such as surfactant/Si ratio and hydrothermal treatment time on the formed mesostructure regularity has been studied. Different methods of template removal have also been evaluated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, FT-IR, and solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy.