Relative Elevation Topographic Surface Modelling of a Large Alluvial River Floodplain and Applications for the Study and Management of Riparian Landscapes

This paper presents a novel and useful spatial modelling technique to create a topographic surface that estimates a floodplain's elevation relative to the average low-flow water surface elevation of a river channel. This model was applied to a 121 km study area of the middle Sacramento River, California, USA, where it was tested as a surrogate for observed water table depth and an observed 3.3 year recurrence interval flood inundation surface using independent data sets. The modelled relative elevation topographic surface correlated significantly (p < 0.005) to observed well water depths suggesting that the modelled surface reflected a reasonable approximation of vertical distance to the water table. Results from a flood inundation pattern analysis indicated an overall accuracy of 79% for correctly predicting inundated and non-inundated zones. The model was then used to measure relative channel bank height and the distribution of riparian plant communities to examine landscape ecological relationships.     

Developing local government policy and processes for community consultation and participation

Abstract

This paper documents the development of a local government community consultation and capacity building vision and strategy. A central argument is that traditional government perspectives on community consultation must be reconsidered to include greater opportunities for informed community participation in planning and decision making processes for a sustainable community.     

Creating a Village in Modern Suburbia: Parenthood and Social Capital

Local communities with good stocks of social capital nurture and support the families residing within. This qualitative study explored through the perspectives of mothers, how families with children aged 0–5 years build social capital in newer residential areas in Perth, Western Australia. Parenthood generally increased the desire to connect to one's local community, which activated and enhanced social capital. Two themes appear to drive this desire: an increased need for social support and an increased vested interest in the local community. However, newer residential areas commonly have a lag of community infrastructure needed to provide opportunities for families with young children to interact with other families. Urban planning and community sectors need to coordinate to provide infrastructure and opportunities for families with young children to connect and build social capital within their local communities.     

Building a Golden Grove ‘community’: a study of suburban production processes in South Australia, 1970s–1980s

Ideals of community have been associated with the practice of planning for over a century. Proponents of the Golden Grove Development considered particular ideals of community to be fundamental to the financial and social success of the new suburban development. This paper will analyse the early planning processes that underpinned the production of community ideals and argue that these planning processes took place at the transition between welfarism and neo‐liberalism. This study will offer provocative glimpses into late twentieth century suburban planning practices; practices that establish the Golden Grove Development as a model of late twentieth century suburban production processes.     

追根溯源探析地域文化的时代传承之路——文山“壮乡苗岭”主题居住区概念规划

随着国内住宅地产的发展愈加成熟,人们对居住空间的关注不仅仅停留在理性需求层面,更多情感诉求的满足成为居住区规划的关键,“主题居住社区”的概念也随之应运而生,该文通过对“壮乡苗岭”大型居住区规划设计及思考过程的回顾,提出并探讨了基于地域文化进行主题社区规划设计的思路,这既是对使用者精神需求的关注,也是对地域文化的时代传承.     

低碳时代中国小城镇建设和发展的探索与创新——天津大邱庄镇绿色低碳小城镇建设

以项目实践可持续发展理念,介绍了大邱庄项目建设综合利用节能、低碳技术和理论,实现项目建设管理的社会、经济和环境的综合价值目标。     

Making the implicit,explicit: time for renegotiating the urban water supply hydrosocial contract?

Today's modern cities' ‘big-pipes in, big-pipes out’ potable water supply approach does not offer society the resilience for adaptation to future climate challenges. One approach towards building resilience would involve cities adopting diverse, alternative water supplies; such as recycled wastewater, greywater and stormwater, within a fit-for-purpose philosophy, incorporating a mix of centralised and decentralised technologies. Globally, modern cities have limited on-ground experience with such complex approaches, despite ad-hoc policy rhetoric to the contrary and multiple technological options. Through considering the implicit and technocratic hydrosocial contract underpinning the current ‘big pipes’ approach, it appears the judgement and advice of ‘water experts’ is a significant determinant regarding opportunities for realising more resilient water supplies. Contrasting primary and secondary survey data from water experts and communities across Australian cities in relation to their receptivity to alternative water supplies; it is evident that community members are far more receptive than water experts expect. Thus, this difference in perception is potentially a significant barrier to realising a resilient approach. Path-dependant decision-making and practice is pervasive throughout the urban water field, and while the physical artefact of the traditional water supply system remains largely invisible and disconnected from communities, it is the implicit hydrosocial contract that keeps water experts disconnected from communities. Based on evidence presented in this paper, shifting the current hydrosocial contract to a more resilient approach is vulnerable to business as usual. Recommendations are offered for fundamentally reshaping this contract through deliberative processes that work towards enabling co-governance, co-design and co-management of this alternative and complex water supply approach into the future.     

城市化进程中城市社区变迁探究--以深圳为例

随着城市化进程的不断加快,我国城市社区的结构和功能发生着越来越深刻的变化,也带来了众多的社会问题和社会矛盾。本文以我国快速城市化典型代表的深圳市为例,探讨城市社区的发展、变迁和类型的分化,旨在为规划城市社区发展、制定社区政策和探索谋划社区治理新路提供积极的现实指导。     

基于历史数据的南京保障房空间结构演化研究

我国保障房的大规模建设对城市的社会空间结构造成了巨大影响.本文以南京市为例,利用2002年至2012年的保障房建设历史数据分析了近10年保障房建设的空间结构演化,总结了当前保障房住区呈“偏远化、集中化、规模化”的宏观布局特征.南京市自2010年开始建设的大规模集中式保障房社区犹如“造城运动”,在有效解决中低收入群体住房问题的同时,将可能加重城市空间分化和居住分异,进而引发一系列社会问题.对此,在分析保障房住区居民通勤、就业、购物、教育、养老等社会活动的基础上,提出了分散建设、发展多中心模式、大力建设配套设施和构建动态影响监测平台及预警机制等策略,为城市社会空间结构的优化提供了新的视角.     

基于复杂网络聚类的提升机主轴系统故障诊断

针对摩擦提升机主轴系统故障耦合、特征微弱且故障样本不易获得的问题,提出一种基于复杂网络聚类的故障诊断方法。该方法从故障数据表现出社团结构的本质出发,以各数据样本为节点,样本间相似度为有权边,构建加权无向复杂网络模型。将欧氏空间的距离概念推广到样本的相似性度量上提出广义Ward距离,并以此为划分准则,采用凝聚型合并过程实现网络模型中社团的聚类,即故障样本的模式识别。对主轴系统过载、滚动轴承元件故障及减速器齿轮磨损的分析结果表明,该方法能准确对已知故障类型数据进行聚类,且在过程中不预设类别数,为收集异常数据以便未知故障的发现与诊断提供了数据支持。与多元支持向量机与快速Newman算法的对比结果表明,该方法具有更高的识别精度与效率。