线路差动保护的相移制动能力研究

数据同步是基于通信的差动保护方案的首要问题。为从差动保护判据本身找到一个减小同步误差影响的途径,提出描述差动保护判据耐同步误差能力的相移制动能力指标。采用相量分析法分析常规差动保护的相移制动能力,发现常规比率制动判据的相移制动能力只能达到20°左右,而非线性差动保护的相移制动能力可以达到60°左右,这对基于软实时通信技术的使用场合非常有价值。提出一种新相差型的差动保护判据,该判据采用制动系数来调整判据的灵敏度;采用保护动作边界角来调整判据的相移制动能力,是一种新型的非线性制动判据。仿真结果表明新判据具有良好的内部故障灵敏度、抗电流互感器(current transformer,CT)饱和能力和相移制动能力,是基于软实时通信技术的差动保护的理想选择。     

Channel Borrowing Without Locking for Asynchronous Hybrid FDMA/TDMA Cellular Communications

The use of real time channel borrowing in digital cellular asynchronous hybrid FDMA/TDMA systems is considered. These systems, which are exemplified by North American digital cellular (IS-54), are asynchronous in the sense that time slots in different cells are not aligned. CBWL (channel borrowing without locking) techniques can be applied but (without cell-to-cell synchronization) borrowing individual time slots from adjacent cells would violate co-channel interference constraints. Instead, frequency carriers can be borrowed. In IS-54, a carrier supports three TDMA slots. So if only one TDMA slot is needed in the borrowing cell, two TDMA slots are unnecessarily transferred. We devised an appropriate carrier borrowing scheme and an analytical model to determine the traffic performance of TDMA/CBWL. Fast carrier returning is used to increase channel utilization by returning borrowed carriers as soon as possible. An efficient computational method that uses macro-states, decomposition, combinatorial analysis and the convolution algorithm is devised to find blocking probabilities. The results show that in comparison with FCA, the new CBWL scheme can significantly improve system performance of asynchronous TDMA cellular systems that use FDMA/TDMA multiplexing.     

Interlayer Engineering of Molybdenum Trioxide toward High‐Capacity and Stable Sodium Ion Half/Full Batteries

Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (MoO₃) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because of its rich chemistry associated with multiple valence states and intriguing layered structure. However, MoO₃ still suffers from the low rate capability and poor cycle induced by pulverization during de/sodiation. An ingenious two‐step synthesis strategy to fine tune the layer structure of MoO₃ targeting stable and fast sodium ionic diffusion channels is reported here. By integrating partially reduction and organic molecule intercalation methodologies, the interlayer spacing of MoO₃ is remarkably enlarged to 10.40 Å and the layer structural integration are reinforced by dimercapto groups of bismuththiol molecules. Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations prove that the intercalated bismuththiol (DMcT) molecules substantially enhanced electronic conductivity and effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between Na⁺ and the MoO₃ host by conjugated double bond, resulting in improved Na⁺ insertion/extraction kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the newly devised layered MoO₃ electrode achieves excellent long‐term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. These achievements are of vital significance for the preparation of sodium‐ion battery anode materials with high‐rate capability and long cycling life using intercalation chemistry.     

On the multi-level embedding of crypto-image reversible data hiding

Crypto-space reversible image steganography has attracted increasing attention, given its ability to embed authentication information without revealing the image content. This paper presents an efficient reversible data hiding scheme for crypto-images: a block predictor is applied to compute prediction errors, then an adaptive block mapping algorithm is utilized to compress them whose amplitudes are within a small threshold, finally, this strategy can be applied in a multi-level manner to achieve a higher embedding capacity. Due to the correlations among adjacent pixels in the block, images can be sufficiently compressed to reserve abundant space for additional data embedding. Different from the prior arts, the compression code of the image is fully encrypted. Experimental results verify that the embedded data and original image can be perfectly recovered, the security is higher compared with the state-of-the-arts, and a significant improvement in the average embedding rate is achieved on two large-scale image datasets.     

阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的寿命及失效分析

介绍了各种影响阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池寿命及容量的因素,分析了其失效的原因,并相应的对电池的维护提出了一些建议。     

基于低精度量化的无线传输理论最新研究进展

5G移动通信技术相比于目前的4G移动通信技术,其峰值速率将增长数十倍,达到吉比特.未来移动通信系统面临着硬件成本高昂、系统功率消耗过高等问题,成为高传输速率通信的主要瓶颈之一.为了解决上述问题,学术界展开了对低功耗高效传输技术的研究,其中能够有效解决上述问题的途径之一就是低精度(如1～3 bit) ADC的接收机.通过对高斯信道下低精度量化的信道容量进行分析,发现相较于传统高精度ADC接收机,2～3 bit的ADC所带来的信道容量损失在可接受的范围内.面向低精度量化在无线通信系统中的应用,综合论述了低精度量化对信道容量的影响以及低精度量化下接收机的设计,解决了低精度量化下诸如同步、增益控制、信道估计等问题,为低精度量化通信系统的具体实现提供指导.     

非正交多址技术中利用对称矩阵的用户分组

现有非正交多址接入技术中,用户分组算法的实现首先对信道相似度门限值进行判断,选出候选成组用户;进而对候选成组用户的信道增益差进行比较,选出最优的成组用户。然而,上述分步求解算法中信道相似度门限值的设置存在一定的随机性,导致候选成组用户的选取不准确,从而影响分组结果,限制系统性能的提升。针对上述问题,提出利用对称矩阵的用户分组算法,对用户信道相似度进行非线性变换,而后将用户信道相似度和增益差线性求和构建成新的信道信息矩阵,进一步利用该矩阵的对称性进行求解。仿真分析表明该方法分组结果比设置门限的传统方法更优,在不同用户数目时系统容量均得到提升。在传统方法门限值为0.95时,所提算法系统容量在用户数为16时提升了13.4 Mb/s。     

空时块码的信道容量分析

MIMO通过多天线发射多数据流并由多天线接收实现最佳处理，可实现很高的容量和频谱利用率，这种最佳处理是通过空时码实现的。本文依照一个实际信道模型，假定Rayleigh或Rice准静态平坦非相关和部分相关信道，分析了STBC的信道容量，并进行Monte-Carlo模拟仿真。结果表明STBC的容量远低于其理论限，特别是对于大的N和M。     

无线MIMO系统的容量分析及其在3G中的应用

在无线MIMO(MultipleInputMultipleOutput)系统信号模型的基础上,分析了无线MIMO系统的容量,讨论了无线MIMO系统提高频谱利用率的基本原理,并且给出收发天线数量和信噪比对系统容量影响的试验结果。最后,对无线MIMO系统的应用,尤其在第三代移动通信中的应用做出了比较详细的说明。