Technology transfer projects in developing countries—furthering the Project Management perspectives

This paper attempts to broaden the analysis of the technology transfer phenomenon by refocusing research attention on the level of performance assessment of technology transfer projects. An holistic evaluation framework based on the considerations of an extended Project Life Cycle model is proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional approaches to project evaluation. This also reinforces the need for open systems thinking in assessing and managing risk of technology transfer projects. The discussion is based on two case studies which articulate the experiences with two integrated mechanisms of technology transfer used in Algeria from 1965 to 1990: turnkey and “product-in-hand”. The aim is to gain a better understanding of the processes of technology transfer and to contribute to the improvement of associated managerial practices in developing economies.     

技术转移对我国制造业企业创新绩效的影响

分别对高新技术企业与一般工业企业、大型企业与中小型企业进行了对比分析，发现高新技术企业比一般工业企业更有吸收能力，而技术转移对中小企业的影响比大型企业大。对参与技术转移及未参与技术转移的制造业企业进行了比较研究，结果证明有技术转移行为的企业具有更优的创新绩效。     

Discrete singular convolution and its application to the analysis of plates with internal supports. Part 2: Applications

Part 2 of this series of two papers presents the applications of the discrete singular convolution (DSC) algorithm. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the utility, test the accuracy and examine the convergence of the proposed approach for the vibration analysis of rectangular plates with internal supports. Both partial internal line supports and complex internal supports are considered for 21 square plates of various combinations of edge support conditions. The effects of different size, shape and topology of the internal supports and different boundary conditions on the vibration response of plates are investigated. The partial internal line supports may vary from a central point support to a full range of cross or diagonal line supports. Several closed‐loop supports, such as ring, square and rhombus, and their combinations are studied for complex internal supports. Convergence and comparison studies are carried out to establish the correctness and accuracy of the DSC algorithm. The DSC results are compared with those in the available literature obtained by using other methods. Numerical results indicate that the DSC algorithm exhibits controllable accuracy for plate analysis and shows excellent flexibility in handling complex geometries, boundary conditions and support conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

建筑墙体表面传热系数辨识研究

对实验房间南向墙体内表面中心区域的换热过程进行实验，发现当风速在0－5．5m/s之间时，表面传热系数在8－18W（m^2.K）之间波动，而风向对墙体表面传热系数影响不大；用辅助变量法分析墙体表面传热过程，并结合实验推导出墙体表面传热系数。模型的预测结果与实测结果吻合良好。     

非关联双模场对Kerr介质中电子绝热跃迁转移现象的影响

本文研究了充满Kerr介质的高Q腔中非关联双模相干态场与级联三能级原子非共振相互作用情况下,电子的绝热跃迁转移现象与非关联场之间的关系。数值计算显示:级联三能级原子在与非关联双模相干态的相互作用下,该现象依然存在,但呈现不同于原子与关联场相互作用的新特征。     

高炮火控系统滤波器的设计

对目前高炮火力控制系统目标滤波与预测进行了分析与研究．在此基础上结合工程实际设计了一种α-β滤波器．该滤波器的原理是把在连续系统中频率域的要求和在离散系统中Z域的要求转换成时域中在典型信号激励下的时间响应的特征值的要求．从而在时间域中以特征值的要求进行综合．再把综合的结果转换回Z域中．最终得到所确定的α-β滤波器．文中给出了α-β滤波器的Z传递函数．分析了α-β滤波器参数的确定．对α-β滤波器的静态误差进行了研究．对设计方案进行了计算机仿真和实际应用．     

复合形法优化内河航道重力式护岸

采用复合形优化法,结合《港口及航道护岸工程设计与施工规范》中推荐的抗滑、抗倾稳定的分项系数计算方法,并考虑了内河航道船形波等作用的影响效应,对重力式护岸断面进行了优化。     

A continuum-based modeling of MEMS devices for estimating their resonant frequencies

A continuum-based modeling of coupled electrostatics-structure interactions is presented for the frequency computations of MEMS devices. The present general formulation of electrostatics accounting for free space is validated first by specializing it to one-dimensional uniform motion of conducting surfaces and comparing the resulting electrostatics to conventional lumped models. The general coupled electrostatics-structure interactions are then applied for the prediction of resonant frequencies of MEMS devices due to bias-voltage changes and temperature variations. Comparisons of predicted resonant frequencies obtained by the present coupled electrostatics-structure interaction models with experimental results available in the literature demonstrate that the proposed continuum-based interaction modeling yields high-confidence predictions of resonant frequencies of MEMS devices.     

The Clausius inequality corrected for heat transfer involving radiation

The objective of this paper is to prove that the Clausius inequality must be re-stated to have general applicability for heat transfer involving radiative fluxes. The integrand (đQ/T) of the Clausius expression applies to heat conduction and convection, but does not hold for most radiative transfer scenarios, with the exception of reversible infinitesimal net blackbody radiation transfer. In other cases involving radiative transfer, the equality holds for a cycle even though irreversible heat addition by radiative transfer occurs. This is without the erroneous presumption of entropy destruction anywhere in the cycle. Thus, the Clausius inequality indicates reversibility for a cycle that includes an irreversible process. Further, in some radiative cases the quantity đQ/T, where T is the boundary temperature, is not the entropy transfer at the system boundary, and in fact, primarily represents entropy production within the system. It is also clear that in another case considered, the quantity đQ/T had no physical meaning whatsoever. Consequently, the Clausius expression has been re-stated so that it is applicable to cycles with processes involving any form of heat transfer. A new integrand (đQ_cc/T + đS_Net,Rad) is presented, allowing the Clausius inequality to generally apply to all heat transfer scenarios. The work in this paper emphasizes the need to re-state other fundamental equations allowing applicability to all heat transfer processes, and draws attention to the unique character of radiative entropy calculations.     

Cooling and Solidification of Melted Drops in an Immiscible Cooling Medium

The cooling and solidification of melted drops during their movement in an immiscible cooling medium is widely employed for granulation in the chemical industry, and a study of these processes to provides a basis for the design of the granulation tower height and the temperature of the cooling medium is reported. A physical model of the cooling and solidification of the drop is established and the numerical calculation is performed. The influences of the key factors in the solidification, i.e., Bi number, drop diameter, temperature of the cooling medium, etc. are presented. The cooling and solidification during wax granulation in a water‐cooling tower and during urea granulation in an air‐cooling tower (spraying tower) are described in detail. Characteristics of the solidification and temperature distribution within the particle at different times are shown. The model and calculations can be used for structure design of the granulation tower and optimization of the operation parameters.