一种新型电静液作动飞机刹车系统

多电飞机已成为现代飞机的发展趋势,其刹车系统不再采用传统的液压刹车.提出一种用于多电飞机刹车系统的泵控和阀控相结合的电静液刹车系统.首先分析了电静液作动器的工作原理和数学模型,对电静液机构进行了单独的控制仿真;接着对飞机刹车系统进行数学建模,并将这种电静液作动飞机刹车系统进行控制仿真.仿真结果表明,基于电静液作动器的刹...     

Impact of orthorectification and spatial sampling on maximum NDVI composite data in mountain regions

Topography and accuracy of image geometric registration significantly affect the quality of satellite data, since pixels are displaced depending on surface elevation and viewing geometry. This effect should be corrected for through the process of accurate image navigation and orthorectification in order to meet the geolocation accuracy for systematic observations specified by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) requirements for satellite climate data records. We investigated the impact of orthorectification on the accuracy of maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite data for a mountain region in north-western Canada at various spatial resolutions (1 km, 4 km, 5 km, and 8 km). Data from AVHRR on board NOAA-11 (1989 and 1990) and NOAA-16 (2001, 2002, and 2003) processed using a system called CAPS (Canadian AVHRR Processing System) for the month of August were considered. Results demonstrate the significant impact of orthorectification on the quality of composite NDVI data in mountainous terrain. Differences between orthorectified and non-orthorectified NDVI composites (ΔNDVI) adopted both large positive and negative values, with the 1% and 99% percentiles of ΔNDVI at 1 km resolution spanning values between − 0.16 < ΔNDVI < 0.09. Differences were generally reduced to smaller numbers for coarser resolution data, but systematic positive biases for non-orthorectified composites were obtained at all spatial resolutions, ranging from 0.02 (1 km) to 0.004 (8 km). Analyzing the power spectra of maximum NDVI composites at 1 km resolution, large differences between orthorectified and non-orthorectified AVHRR data were identified at spatial scales between 4 km and 10 km. Validation of NOAA-16 AVHRR NDVI with MODIS NDVI composites revealed higher correlation coefficients (by up to 0.1) for orthorectified composites relative to the non-orthorectified case. Uncertainties due to the AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) sampling scheme introduce an average positive bias of 0.02 ± 0.03 at maximum NDVI composite level that translates into an average relative bias of 10.6% ± 19.1 for sparsely vegetated mountain regions. This can at least partially explain the systematic average positive biases we observed relative to our results in AVHRR GAC-based composites from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) and Polar Pathfinder (PPF) datasets (0.19 and 0.05, respectively). With regard to the generation of AVHRR long-term climate data records, results suggest that orthorectification should be an integral part of AVHRR pre-processing, since neglecting the terrain displacement effect may lead to important biases and additional noise in time series at various spatial scales.     

Identification and quantification of different vapours using a single polymer chemoresistor and the novel dual transient temperature modulation technique

This paper presents a novel signal processing technique for a square wave temperature modulated carbon black/polymer composite sensor. The technique consists of only two mathematical operations: summing the off- and on-transients of the conductance signals, and subtracting the steady-state conductance signal. The technique has been verified through its application to a carbon black/polyvinylpyrrolidone composite chemoresistor. Identification of water, methanol and ethanol vapours was successfully demonstrated using the peak time of the resultant curves. Furthermore, quantification of those vapours was found to be possible using the height of the peak heights, which was linearly proportional to concentration. The technique does not require zero-gas calibration and thus is superior to previously reported techniques.     

Application of functionalised carbon nanotubes immobilised into chitosan films in amperometric enzyme biosensors

A new approach for building a bio-conductive interface for enzyme immobilisation is described. This strategy permits very simple preparation of the enzyme biosensor and also reveals direct electron transfer features. A graphite-epoxy resin composite (GrEC) electrode modified with functionalised multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) immobilised by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide together with N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC–NHS) in a chitosan (Chit) matrix was prepared and characterised by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in the presence of hexaammineruthenium (III) chloride. It was then used as a base for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilisation by the simple method of crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as carrier protein. The resulting mediator-free biosensor was applied to the determination of glucose in amperometric mode at different applied potentials and the mechanism of reaction was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry, with and without dissolved oxygen in solution. Analytical parameters, as well as reproducibility, repeatability and stability were determined. Interferences were assessed using different compounds usually present in natural samples, such as wines, juices or blood, in order to evaluate the selectivity of the developed biosensor. The novel combination of carbon nanotubes immobilised with chitosan crosslinked with EDC–NHS and glucose oxidase immobilised by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde offers an excellent, easy to make biosensor for glucose determination without interferences.     

一种脆弱的图像自适应置乱算法

证明在离散余弦变换和小波变换中,图像经空域置乱前后在频域内不变的系数规律,根据构造的复合混沌迭代动力系统,提出2个利用不变频域变换系数规律的构造函数,生成复合混沌迭代动力系统需要的初始值,给出脆弱的图像自适应置乱算法以及相似度和抗攻击半径的置乱算法评价概念。实验表明,算法无需任何附加信息即可提取出原始图像,对各种攻击十分敏感,平均抗攻击半径高于一般算法,适用于法庭、医学等要求极其严格的场合。     

非线性离散奇异摄动系统的组合优化控制方法的合理性分析

分析一类非线性离散奇异摄动系统的降阶组合优化控制器的合理性, 即降阶组合控制器与原始高阶优化控制器之间的关系. 基于快、慢子系统的解耦, 分别对快、慢子系统设计子优化控制器, 并进一步提出作用于原高阶系统的组合优化控制器. 对原高阶系统设计传统高阶优化控制器, 提出组合优化控制器近似等于传统高阶优化控制器的充分条件. 最后通过仿真验证了所得到结论的正确性.

     

面向旅游电子商务的多目标复合评估及优化推荐算法

推荐算法在电子商务系统中具有良好的应用前景,受到了越来越多关注和重视,逐渐成为了电子商务领域的研究热点.在介绍目前主流的推荐算法的基础上,结合电子商务实际应用需求,提出了多目标复合评估及优化推荐算法.并基于途牛旅游网数据,与一般推荐算法进行比较,验证了该算法的有效性,从而为多目标复合评估及优化推荐系统的研究提供了新思路与新方法.     

Development of broadband forward‐wave directional couplers loaded by periodic patterned ground structure

In this paper two wideband Forward‐Wave Directional Couplers (FWDCs) with 0 dB and 3 dB coupling level are proposed. Using periodic patterned ground structure in a microstrip coupled lines by a new unit cell; even‐ and odd‐mode characteristic impedances of the couplers are equal over a wide frequency range. Moreover, it provides a constant phase difference between even and odd‐modes. The proposed cell is modeled using the equivalent circuit model and a design procedure is introduced for designing FWDCs for an arbitrary value of coupling level. The introduced couplers are numerically investigated and a prototype of both couplers is made. It is shown that for 0 dB coupling level, the measured coupling is 0.85 dB with 1 dB flatness over fractional bandwidth of 96% bandwidth. In case of 3 dB coupling, the measured coupling level is 3.5 dB at 7.42 GHz with 1 dB flatness over fractional bandwidth of 67.1%.     

基于DSP的车载自动跟瞄装置的粗精复合系统设计

介绍了车载自动跟瞄装置的粗精复合控制结构原理以及控制系统的总体构成。以高性能的DSP芯片TMS320LF2407A作为运算处理器,设计了跟踪控制器;经过具体实验验证采用粗精复合跟踪结构的跟瞄系统显著提高了跟踪精度     

一类相似组合大系统的线性反馈镇定

研究相似组合大系统的二次镇定问题,利用系统的特殊结构导出其二次可稳的条件及（分散）状态反馈控制律律的求解方法,其特点是只需求解两个低阶Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ方程或不等式,大大简化了控制器的设计。