The Underground Atlas Project

The systematic recording of underground structures, their location, use as well as other characteristics is something that is still missing from the global engineering community. The paper presents the development of the Underground Atlas Project which aims at gathering and indexing the major underground sites worldwide, becoming the focal point of information regarding subsurface structures. The main features of the project are found in the development of the electronic database to store and depict the spatial information of the site, as well as in the crowdsourcing concept that was selected for the data and information submission. To foster the submission process, a new taxonomy and categorization of underground space uses has been proposed, while a respective web service and mobile app was developed by the design team. The users can either browse through the records stored or, more importantly, can submit new content either by using their browser or by taking advantage of the geolocation capabilities of their mobile device. Finally, the Atlas will provide the opportunity for the meta-analysis of the data by using and benefiting from the accumulated knowledge and collective experience of the engineering community.     

Architecture of underground spaces: From isolated innovations to connected urbanism

This article provides an introduction to an architectural approach of subterranean space, presenting its properties and principles of development. It then analyzes some subsurface experiences of the 20th century and, by looking at their successes and failures, shows how a renewed human and dynamic vision could help move from developing isolated structures towards a connected form of urbanism. Such a transition would provide an adequate response to the challenges of modern metropolises, for instance in the Paris area. On the strength of these realizations, a national transdisciplinary research program was deemed necessary and this is how Ville 10D – Ville d’Idées came to be in 2013. This article thus recaps the history and reflection that led to the creation of the Ville 10D project, and explains how it emerged as a systemic approach to subterranean development.MethodConception and development of a change of paradigm: consider the living and motion as primary, unifying agents between the underground and the city above it; play with and act on the subsurface in order to reinject mixed uses and complexity into the city through a systemic approach of the underground in the urban eco-system.Creation of a research project whose organization reflects these concerns: in order to take the living into account, make the study as cross-disciplinary as possible, mixing competences and points of views.Four-fold organization – socio-economical, environmental, psycho-social, cognitive (knowledge and management of the underground) – corresponding to four main themes plus two transversal themes (legal and urban planning). Unfolding in four stages of 18 months each, these thematic approaches are casting converging light onto token sites chosen for their diverse typology. Around a hundred professional players are involved in the Ville 10D project.Study resultsBeyond the data gradually obtained through the project studies themselves, and without anticipating those to come, the first results so far have shown a growing awareness of and interest in the reality of underground potential. There has been a genuine gradual involvement of the development players, researchers and academics in elaborating the project.For us, gaining support from the players is an essential stake to “unlock” the underground in the minds first, then in reality thanks to tools built by Ville 10D in all the fields of development.ConclusionResearch reports are issued upon completion of each of the stages and posted on the website http://www.ville10d.fr. We are planning to present and publish the final reports at an international colloquium in 2017.     

GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能对比试验研究

剪力连接件是保证GFRP混凝土组合梁/板中两种不同材料共同工作的重要构造,设计了矩形肋和T形肋两类GFRP肋式剪力连接件,进行了3组共8个GFRP肋式剪力连接件的推出试验,包括:矩形肋开孔、T形肋开孔、T形肋不开孔3组GFRP肋式剪力连接件,得到了其破坏形态、极限承载力、荷载滑移曲线及荷载应变变化规律,重点研究肋内开孔及肋的截面形式对GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能的影响。试验结果表明:GFRP肋式剪力连接件的破坏形态均为混凝土劈裂破坏;对比矩形肋开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度高、延性好;对比T形肋不开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度与延性均能提高。基于试验结果,建立了考虑肋内开孔及肋截面形式影响的GFRP肋式剪力连接件极限承载力计算公式,拟合得到了GFRP肋式剪力连接件的荷载滑移曲线上升段的理论模型,建立了其抗剪刚度计算公式。     

深圳市城市设计历程回顾与思考

深圳是中国最早试点城市设计工作的城市之一 通过对深圳30多年的城市设计实践历程回顾,展现了其从起步的感性到体系建构的理性,再到人本多元的探索与实践.在城市设计管理方面,重点阐述了如何不断完善城市设计的法规标准与技术方法,将城市设计与城市规划实现“双平台”的控制与引导.深圳城市设计研究和管理积累了大量实践经验,主要体现在:整体风貌结构的延续性、密度分区的必要性与科学性、公共空间的引导与控制和市民参与的城市设计等四个方面.     

面向全球城市的上海文化空间规划编制的思考

从文化设施到文化空间,是当前国内外城市文化规划的重要趋向.通过对国内外城市文化规划前沿经验的借鉴,结合当前上海文化空间的现状评估,形成面向全球城市的上海文化空间规划编制的思考,即促进城市空间体系与文化空间体系相对接、促进文化空间适度集聚与均等化布局相协调、促进文化空间规划与各类专项规划相衔接、促进政府能力建设与社会活力激发相互动,力求对上海在新时期建设国际文化大都市和全球城市有所裨益.     

国外城市空间公共性评价研究及其对中国的借鉴和启示

随着“新自由主义”的兴起,西方国家私人投资者正越来越多地参与到城市公共空间的建设开发和日常管理维护中.这一趋势导致了西方城市公共空间的私有化和商品化.为探讨私有化和商品化现象所带来的影响,西方学者在近20年间展开了一系列对城市空间公共性程度进行测度和评价的理论研究及实践.归纳了国外相关研究的当前进展和总体特征,介绍了四类国外城市空间公共性评价方法,并讨论了国外研究的发展趋势.在此基础上,提出了国外评价方法对我国研究的借鉴意义,并对我国城市空间公共性评价研究的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

南京林业大学新庄站换乘空间现状分析与优化设计

我国的城市化进程不断加快,各大城市的轨道交通也在如火如荼的建设之中。故建立良好的自行车与城市轨道交通换乘系统(B+R系统)是极有必要的。[1]本文通过对南京地铁3号线南京林业大学新庄站点与自行车换乘空间的实地调研,分别从外部空间、停车空间、交通换乘空间、附属空间、景观空间进行调查。归纳现场调研信息、总结分析结果、提出改造空间,使空间利用最大化的建议,以提升街道景观质量和自行车停车效率。     

不同构造内置钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压性能试验研究

为研究在高轴压比下内置钢板 混凝土组合剪力墙中钢板与混凝土墙体的协同工作性能,以北京中国尊大厦核心筒剪-力墙为原型,进行了4个1/4缩尺的内置钢板混凝土组合剪力墙轴压性能试验。4个试件的几何尺寸相同,区别在于钢板与混凝土连接构造不同。采用单向重复加载方法,分析了各试件的承载力、刚度退化、应力分布、变形能力等,进行了轴压承载力计算。结果表明：各试件达到极限承载能力时,钢板轴力分担比率在25%~32%之间,内置钢板的抗压能力得到发挥;与无拉结钢筋、无栓钉的试件相比,钢板中部设置长栓钉的试件承载力提高23.6%,轴向变形提高22.6%,刚度退化减缓17.42%,钢板与混凝土协同工作性能好;采用强度叠加理论进行内置钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压承载力计算,试验结果与计算值吻合良好。     

开孔薄壁钢梁-轻骨料混凝土装配式组合楼板受力性能试验研究

为研究开孔薄壁钢梁 轻骨料混凝土组合楼板的受力性能,设计并制作了5块具有不同构造（不同预制板型、抗剪方式及腹板开孔率）的组合楼板试件,进行了简支条件下均布加载受力性能试验研究。结果表明：该组合楼板具有较高的整体刚度和承载能力,当等效均布荷载达到6 kN/m²时,跨中挠度远小于L/500（L为试件跨度）;对于相同的开孔率,薄壁钢梁腹板的开孔应优选孔径小、数量多的开孔形式;采用文中所构造的抗剪键及其布置形式的组合楼板,其抗剪效果明显优于采用结构胶黏结混凝土板和钢梁的;组合效应系数可以较好地反映组合楼板的整体特性及内部损伤。     

开孔薄壁钢梁-轻骨料混凝土装配式组合楼板受火试验研究

为研究由冷弯卷边H形开孔薄壁钢梁和预制轻骨料混凝土板形成的装配式组合楼板的受火性能,对6个两端简支组合楼板试件开展了高温下试验研究,得到了试件的温度及位移响应。研究结果表明：在等效均布荷载2.0 kN/m²及最高炉温为600℃的烃类火灾作用下,以轻骨料混凝土及腹板开孔薄壁钢梁形成装配式组合楼板具有良好的抗火性能,组合楼板的跨中挠度最大为L/44（L为组合楼板跨度）时,试件仍保持良好的整体性;主钢梁腹板开孔直径与分布形式对组合楼板的整体抗火性能均有显著影响,为减小组合楼板高温下的位移响应,对主钢梁腹板的开孔宜优选孔径大、数量少的分布形式;抗剪键数量对组合楼板抗火性能的响应影响远大于对预制板类型的影响。