Fracture mechanics‐based progressive damage modelling of adhesively bonded fibre‐reinforced polymer joints

A quasi‐static progressive damage model for prediction of the fracture behaviour and strength of adhesively bonded fibre‐reinforced polymer joints is introduced in this paper. The model is based on the development of a mixed‐mode failure criterion as a function of a master R‐curve derived from the experimental results obtained from standard fracture mechanics joints. Consequently, the developed failure criterion is crack‐length and mode‐mixity dependent, and it takes into account the contribution of the fibre‐bridging effect. Energy release rate values for adhesively bonded double‐lap joints are obtained by using the virtual crack closure technique method in a finite element model, and the numerically obtained strain energy release rate is compared to the critical strain energy release rate given by the mixed‐mode failure criterion. The entire procedure is implemented in a numerical algorithm, which was successfully used for predicting the strength and R‐curve response of adhesively bonded double‐lap structural joints made of pultruded glass fibre‐reinforced polymers and epoxy adhesives.     

Fatigue behaviour and modelling of talc‐filled and short glass fibre reinforced thermoplastics,including temperature and mean stress effects

Effects of temperature and mean stress on fatigue behaviour of talc‐filled polypropylene (PP‐T) and short glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP‐G), polyamide‐66 (PA66), and a blend of polyphenylene ether and polystyrene (PPE/PS) were investigated. Load‐controlled fatigue tests were conducted under positive stress ratios (R = 0.1 and 0.3) and at several temperatures (T = 23, 85 and 120 °C). Larson–Miller parameter was used and a shift factor of Arrhenius type was developed to correlate fatigue data at various temperatures. Effect of mean stress on fatigue life was significant for some of the studied materials; however, for the PPE/PS blend no effect of mean stress was observed. Modified Goodman and Walker mean stress equations were evaluated for their ability to correlate mean stress data. A general fatigue life prediction model was also used to account for the effects of mean stress, temperature, anisotropy and frequency.     

基于13X沸石分子筛/MgCl_2的复合吸附剂性能实验研究

复合吸附剂的吸附性能是吸附制冷循环过程中的一个重要参数,基于测试整体成型复合吸附剂吸附性能的需要,本文设计搭建了一种整体成型吸附剂性能测试装置,对复合吸附剂MgCl_2-13X进行了吸附性能测试实验。结果表明:该实验装置中吸附床外侧底部的温度变化速率较接近吸附床内部底部吸附剂的温度变化速率,二者温度变化速率相差0.01~1.9℃/min,整个吸附和脱附过程二者温度的平均值相差约3.24%,能够满足吸附剂性能测试实验的要求。吸附剂性能测试实验及电镜下吸附剂的微观结构表明:浸泡法制备的复合吸附剂的吸附性能与MgCl_2溶液的浓度有关,MgCl_2能够改善13X沸石分子筛的吸附性能,本实验测得当MgCl_2溶液的浓度为15%时所制得复合吸附剂MX3性能最优,其最大吸附量为0.32 g/g,最大吸附速率0.59 g/min,相比单一吸附剂13X沸石分子筛提高了20%。     

The lateral load-deformation response of RC walls with a consideration of the height–length ratio

Reinforced concrete (RC) walls play an important role in resisting earthquakes, so understanding the lateral load-deformation response of an RC wall subjected to an axial load, shear, and moment is essential to nonlinear structural analysis. In this study, the moment-bending deformation response of an RC wall under an axial load and moment is obtained from moment–curvature analysis using the wall’s proper plastic hinge length. Furthermore, modified compression-field theory, adjusted according to the height–length ratio of the wall, is used to calculate the shear–shear deformation response of the wall under an axial load and shear. By integrating the moment-bending deformation and the shear–shear deformation responses, the lateral load-deformation response of the RC wall under axial load–moment–shear interaction can be reasonably determined. To confirm the reliability of the proposed method, experimental results for 67 RC walls are compared with analysis results from the proposed method. The statistical results show that the proposed method accurately predicts the lateral ultimate load but somewhat underestimates the lateral ultimate deformation. Finally, this paper gives an example using an equivalent column to simulate an RC wall using SAP2000 pushover analysis.     

Formulation and development of ophthalmic in situ gel for the treatment ocular inflammation and infection using application of quality by design concept

Context: The conventional liquid ophthalmic delivery systems exhibit short pre-corneal residence time and the relative impermeability to the cornea which leads to poor ocular bioavailability.

Objective: The aim of this study was to apply quality by design (QbD) for development of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) and tobramycin sulfate (TS)-loaded thermoresponsive ophthalmic in situ gel containing Poloxamer 407 and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M for prolonging the pre-corneal residence time, ocular bioavability and decreases the frequency of administration of dosage form. The material attributes and the critical quality attributes (CQA) of the in situ gel were identified. Central composite design (CCD) was adopted to optimize the formulation.

Materials and methods: The ophthalmic in situ forming gels were prepared by cold method. Materials attributes were the amount of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC and CQA identified were Gel strength, mucoadhesive index, gelation temperature and % of drug release of both drug.

Results and discussion: Optimized batch (F*) containing 16.75% poloxamer 407 and 0.54% HPMC K4M were exhibited all results in acceptable limits. Compared with the marketed formulation, optimized in situ gel showed delayed T_max, improved C_max and AUC in rabbit aqueous humor, suggesting the sustained drug release and better corneal penetration and absorption.

Conclusion: According to the study, it could be concluded that DSP and TS would be successfully formulated as in situ gelling mucoadhesive system for the treatment of steroid responsive eye infections with the properties of sustained drug release, prolonged ocular retention and improved corneal penetration.     

改性CaCO_3填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的制备和力学性能

以石蜡为改性剂,分别采用干法和湿法对重质CaCO_3进行表面处理,然后采用冷压烧结工艺制备聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)/CaCO_3复合材料,并对其力学性能进行研究。利用红外光谱分析石蜡包覆改性前后的CaCO_3的结构变化,研究了2种改性方法对PTFE/CaCO_3复合材料的力学性能的影响。结果表明,2种改性方法都可以提高PTFE/CaCO_3复合材料的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度,当质量分数为30%的湿法改性CaCO_3填充PTFE时,复合材料的断裂伸长率仍能达到200%以上。另外,采用不同改性方法和改性剂比例及CaCO_3含量所制备的复合材料力学性能相差很大,其中,当CaCO_3质量分数为5%,湿法改性的改性剂石蜡质量分数为1%时,复合材料的各项力学性能达到最佳,远好于未经改性的CaCO_3填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料。     

溶剂微胶囊/环氧树脂复合材料的自修复性能

通过手动修复实验验证了多种溶剂的修复效果,选择可以包裹在微胶囊中的苯乙酸乙酯作为修复剂。采用一步原位聚合法,制备了包裹苯乙酸乙酯的微胶囊,并对微胶囊的表面形貌进行表征与分析。采用手动修复实验,研究了修复时间和修复剂量对修复效果的影响,并将微胶囊加入到环氧树脂基体中实现了材料的原位自修复。研究结果表明,修复时间为24 h,修复剂量为5μL时,手动修复效果可达到最佳。当微胶囊质量分数为5%时,最大修复效率为98%。微胶囊/环氧树脂复合材料具有多次自修复能力。形貌观察结果表明,裂纹在溶剂的溶胀作用下发生了完全修复。     

液氮温区固-液复合绝缘气体小桥对沿面放电的影响

采用IEC脉冲电流法(IEC60270标准)对液氮温区超导复合绝缘沿面放电现象及其影响因素进行了研究。在六面屏蔽的局部放电实验室内,研究了不同放电条件对放电起始电压、放电量、击穿电压等的影响,进而研究了其作用机理,并用有限元方法开展了相关计算。实验数据表明,不同放电条件明显影响放电重复率、平均放电量、最大放电量等,放电产生的气泡越容易逸出,放电越严重;液氮的流动使放电起始电压有一定的升高,但对最终击穿电压影响不大;在放电通道上施加阻挡之后可明显提高最终的闪络击穿电压。     

电化学合成聚吡咯/二氧化硅复合膜及其防腐性能

采用循环伏安法,在316不锈钢电极表面原位生成聚吡咯-二氧化硅(PPy-SiO2)复合膜。红外光谱分析表明,通过电化学法可以在316不锈钢表面生成PPy-SiO2复合膜。利用扫描电镜考察了PPy与PPy-SiO2膜层形貌,发现相对于PPy膜层,PPy-SiO2膜层有着较为均一的表面状态。分别将316不锈钢、316不锈钢/PPy、316不锈钢/PPy-SiO2浸泡于3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl水溶液中,采用开路电位-时间(OCP-Time)曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)考察了PPy膜层与PPy-SiO2复合膜层对不锈钢的防腐性能,结果表明,浸泡初期,影响膜层防腐性能的主要因素是膜层与不锈钢电极表面的吸附能力,PPy的金属防护效果高于PPy-SiO2;浸泡1 h后,影响膜层防腐性能的主要因素转变为膜层本身抑制水分子渗透的能力,PPy-SiO2的金属防护效果高于PPy。对PPy膜层与PPy-SiO2复合膜层进行了抗阴极剥离实验,结果显示,PPy-SiO2复合膜层具有更高的抗阴极剥离能力。