基于PLC的蒸汽养护模糊控制器

根据混凝土电杆蒸汽养护工艺的要求,采用模糊自整定PID的控制方案,并基于S7-200PLC实现,达到了提高产品品质,降低蒸汽消耗的目的,控制方案可靠性高、鲁棒性强并具有较好移植性。     

Tensile stress–crack width law for steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete obtained from indirect (splitting) tensile tests

In this work, mode I fracture parameters of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) were derived from the numerical simulation of indirect splitting tensile tests. The combined experimental and numerical research allowed a comparison between the stress–crack width (σ–w) relationship acquired straightforwardly from direct tensile tests, and the σ–w response derived from inverse analysis of the splitting tensile tests results. For this purpose a comprehensive nonlinear 3D finite element (FE) modeling strategy was developed. A comparison between the experimental results obtained from splitting tensile tests and the corresponding FE simulations confirmed the good accuracy of the proposed strategy to derive the σ–w law for these composites. It is concluded that the post-cracking tensile laws obtained from inverse analysis provided a close relationship with the ones obtained from the experimental uniaxial tensile tests.     

Bond strength prediction for deformed steel rebar embedded in recycled coarse aggregate concrete

This paper summarizes the results of an experimental investigation into the bond behavior between recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and deformed steel rebars, with the main variables being the recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio (RCAr) and water-to-cement ratio of the concrete mixture. The investigation into splitting cracking strength indicates that the degradation of the bond splitting tensile stress of the cover concrete was affected by not only the roundness of the coarse aggregate particles but also the weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the cement paste and the RCA that has a more porous structure in the ITZ than normal concrete. In this study, a linear relationship between the bond strength and the density of the RCA was found, but the high compressive strength reduced the effects of the parameters. To predict the bond strength of RAC using the main parameters, a multivariable model was developed using nonlinear regression analysis. It can be inferred from this study that the degradation characteristic of the bond strength of RAC can be predicted well, whereas other empirical equations and code provisions are very conservative.     

基于嵌入压电技术的钢管核心混凝土缺陷检测

钢管混凝土构件核心混凝土缺陷影响到其延性和承载力。利用自制的嵌入式压电功能元,该文提出了基于压电陶瓷应力波测量与分析的核心混凝土缺陷监测方法。通过对比在不同状态的简谐激励下测量信号幅值和扫频激励下小波包能量的差异,定义了基于测量信号幅值和小波包能量的损伤指标。结果表明,利用提出的嵌入式压电技术和定义的损伤指标,有效地识别了钢管混凝土构件的核心混凝土损伤,损伤指标对损伤程度敏感。     

基于嵌入压电技术的钢管核心混凝土缺陷检测

钢管混凝土构件核心混凝土缺陷影响到其延性和承载力。利用自制的嵌入式压电功能元,该文提出了基于压电陶瓷应力波测量与分析的核心混凝土缺陷监测方法。通过对比不同状态简谐激励下测量信号幅值和扫频激励下小波包能量的差异,定义了基于测量信号幅值和小波包能量的损伤指标。结果表明,利用所提出的嵌入式压电技术和所定义的损伤指标,有效地识别了钢管混凝土构件的核心混凝土损伤,损伤指标对损伤程度敏感。     

Experimental investigation of edge restraint on punching shear behaviour of RC slabs

Current codes of practice usually do not consider the effect of edge restraint on the punching shear capacity of flat plate type reinforced concrete structures. As the punching shear provisions incorporated in various codes of practice are a direct result of the empirical procedures, they do not usually provide an accurate estimation of the ultimate punching load capacity of a slab with its edges restrained against rotation. This is because no account is taken of the enhancement of punching capacity due to the in-plane restraint in many types of reinforced concrete slab systems. A total of 16 model slabs with restrained and unrestrained edges have been tested in an effort to ascertain the influence of boundary restraint, thickness of the slabs on their structural behaviour and punching load-carrying capacity. Edge restraint has been provided by means of edge beams of various dimensions in order to mimic the behaviour of continuous slabs. The cracking pattern and load-deflection behaviour of the slabs tested have also been monitored closely.     

Ground copper slag as a supplementary cementing material and its influence on the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete

This paper reports on an experimental programme to investigate the effect of using ground copper slag (GCS) as a replacement of cement on the fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Totally, seven self-compacting ground copper slag concrete (SCGCSC) mixtures were made with a fixed water–powder ratio of 0.51 in which a portion of the cement was replaced by GCS in weight ratios of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The fresh properties were investigated by slump-flow, visual stability index, V-funnel, J-ring, L-box, air content, screen stability and setting time tests. The SCGCSCs were designed to give a constant slump flow of 680 ± 30 mm which was achieved by using the super-plasticiser at varying amounts. This allowed us to have a reasonable comparison of the obtained results. Totally, it has been concluded that using GCS significantly increased the workability of SCC mixtures. As the GCS increased, the slump flow is also increased at a constant amount of water and super-plasticiser, but the time required to flow is decreased. The results showed that it is possible to successfully produce SCC with GCS as cement replacement.     

Minimum curing time for preventing frost damage of early-age concrete

When fresh concrete is exposed to extremely low temperatures, the free water in the concrete is cooled below its freezing point and transforms into ice, leading to a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete. When freezing takes place after an adequate curing time, the decrease in compressive strength does not occur. In other words, the concrete can resist the frost damage. Of the many influencing factors, the age of concrete at the beginning of freezing and curing temperatures is significantly important with regard to the loss of compressive strength. In this study, tests were performed to examine how these factors affect the compressive strength of concrete frozen at early-ages as well as to investigate the source of frost damage in fresh concrete. The results from the tests showed that the loss of compressive strength decreases when the onset of freezing was delayed and the curing temperature was high. Moreover, the results showed that the curing temperature after the freezing period does not affect the resistance against frost damage but it affects the strength development. Finally, we propose a new method to predict the minimum curing time based on the development theory of frost resistance with decrease of saturation degree of capillary pores and using the hydration degree curves at an early age.     

Structural Retrofitting of Old Illyria Hote

Illyria hotel （formerly Bozhur） was built during the sixties in the heart of the actual Kosovo＇s capital Prishtina, according to former old Yugoslav standards in a Modernist architectural style. It represents a massive structural system with brick walls up to 54 cm thick and ＂avramenko＂ type reinforced concrete floors. The investor＇s aim was to add another two floors on the top of the existing ones and to build two level underground parking floors, a health spa centre, whilst at the vicinity of the existing building （the northern side） to erect a new 17 story-high brand new hotel and administration building. The retrofitting of the structure as well as construction of the new structure has been done in full accordance with the new structural Eurocodes＇ recommendations. 3D FEM （finite element method） modeling was used for the analysis and design, using ETABS v 9.5 nonlinear and ARSAP 2010 （Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional 2010）. Response spectrum design according to EC 8,3.2.2.4 has been used for seismic analysis and design with a reference peak ground acceleration on type A ground Of AgR = 0.25 g.     

Deterioration of Concrete by the Oxidation of Sulphide Minerals in the Aggregate

Cases of degradation of concrete associated to iron sulphides in aggregates were recently recognized in the Trois-Rivi6res area, Canada. The aggregate used to produce concrete was an anorthositic gabbro containing various proportions of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pentlandite. Quantitative microanalysis on sulphide minerals show that pyrrhotite contains small amount of Ni, Co, Cu and As substituting for Fe in the mineral structure. Considering element substitution, x value in the chemical formula （Fe~.xS） was calculated to 0.099 in the pyrrhotite studied. Petrographic examination of damaged concretes showed the presence of oxidized pyrrhotite. The observation of polished samples shows, in several cases, that the pyrite is intact while the pyrrhotite presents evident signs of oxidation. In the presence of water and oxygen, pyrrhotite oxidizes to form iron oxyhydroxides and sulphuric acid. The acid then reacts with the phases of the cement paste and provokes the formation of gypsum and ettringite. These minerals were observed by SEM-EDS （scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer） and their precipitation causes a volume increase that creates expansion and cracking of the concrete.