聚异丁烯磷酸酯的合成及性能研究

以高活性聚异丁烯（PIB）和苯酚为原料（C6H5OH）,三氟化硼乙醚为催化剂合成了聚异丁烯苯酚,然后加入P2O5对其进行酯化反应合成聚异丁烯磷酸酯。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）分别对合成的聚异丁烯苯酚和聚异丁烯磷酸酯进行了分析,结果表明产物为预期产物。通过差示扫描热分析（DSC）,表明聚异丁烯苯酚与高活性聚异丁烯相比具有较高的热稳定性。通过产物与大庆原油进行降凝效果的测定,证实聚异丁烯磷酸酯在大庆原油中的加入量为0.6%时降凝效果最好,降幅为9℃。     

草甘膦生产中的废酸回收

主要介绍了草甘膦生产中缩合工段产生的废酸重新回用到农药生产系统中的技术改造措施,节约了成本,缓解了环保压力,具有较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

用于羟醛缩合反应的固体碱催化剂的制备及表征

采用溶胶凝胶法制备载体二氧化锆,并通过浸渍法负载铯制备固体碱催化剂,将其应用于以醋酸甲酯、甲醛为原料合成丙烯酸甲酯的反应。考察了不同温度,负载不同含量的硝酸铷、硝酸铯对催化剂性能的影响。利用微反色谱实验装置测试合成丙烯酸甲酯固体碱催化剂的催化活性,结果表明,负载铯比铷催化效果要好;催化剂最优条件：氧化锆负载20%铯,反应温度为380℃时,可使收率达到29.2%。     

新型呋喃树脂的制备与改性

以糠醇和糠醛为原料在草酸催化作用下发生缩聚制取新型呋喃树脂。研究表明,当糠醇与糠醛的质量比为7：3,草酸用量为原料质量的0．33％,在回流温度下反应3．5h时,反应制得的呋喃树脂黏度达到78s,且与水玻璃混合良好,采用对苯甲酸作固化剂固化后耐水、耐高温性能优,从而达到改性水玻璃胶泥的目的。采用尿素与甲醛替代所有的糠醛与大部分的糠醇进行缩聚合成出脲醛呋喃树脂。研究表明,当n（尿素）：n（甲醛）：n（糠醇）为3：1：2,在回流温度下反应3．5h,可获得性价比优的改性呋喃树脂。     

Untersuchungen zur heterogenen Kondensation von Wasserdampf in Membrankontaktoren

Heterogeneous condensation can contribute to improve the separation efficiency of airborne particles. Submicron particles can be separated due to inertial impaction when particle mass is previously enlarged sufficiently by water vapor condensation. This paper presents a novel, membrane‐based process for creating the requisite supersaturation for condensation. The increase of the particle size based on vapor condensation is detected by a new inline measuring technique.     

Synthesis of switchable amphipathic molecules triggered by CO2 through carbonyl‐amine condensation

Five long‐chain alkyl amidines were synthesized by condensation of N,N‐dimethylacetamide with octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, and hexadecylamine, respectively. Synthesis conditions including solvent, pH, temperature, and ratio of reactants were studied. The series of long‐chain alkyl amidine compounds reacted with dry ice to produce amidinium bicarbonates cationic amphipathic molecules. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension at cmc (γ_cmc) measured by drop volume method show that these amphipathic molecules have excellent surface activity. The changes of cationic content measured by two‐phase titration and conductivity before and after bubbling CO₂, show different properties between amidines and amidinium bicarbonates cationic amphipathic molecules. The switchable function of the amidinium bicarbonate cationic amphipathic molecule in emulsification and demulsification was studied. Practical applications : Our innovative work is synthesizing switchable amphipathic molecules, N′‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethylacetamidines, by carbonyl‐amine condensation. Compared with a former way of synthesis, our work shows great potential advantages in industrial application. Our synthesis route is simpler with higher yield and is carried out at ambient temperature. Moreover, the products are environmentally friendly. Compared with traditional amphipathic molecules, our products, N′‐alkyl‐N,N‐dimethylacetamidines, show good switchable properties, which can be switched on and off, trigged by CO₂.This means these products can be reused for several times, which is significant for environmental protection.     

Synthesis,characterization, and properties of silicone–epoxy resins

Silicone–epoxy (SiE) resins were synthesized through the hydrolytic condensation of 2‐(3,4‐epoxycyclohexylethyl) methyldiethoxysilane (EMDS) and the cohydrolytic condensation of EMDS with dimethyldiethoxysilane. Structural characterization was carried out by ¹H‐NMR, ²⁹Si‐NMR, and mass spectrometry analysis; the resins were linear oligomers bearing different numbers of pendant epoxy groups, and the average number of repeat Si O units ranged from 6 to 11. Methyhexahydrophthalic anhydride was used to cure the SiE resins to give glassy materials with high optical clarity. The cured SiE resins showed better thermal stability and higher thermal and UV resistances than a commercial light‐emitting diode package material (an epoxy resin named CEL‐2021P). The effect of the epoxy value on the thermal and mechanical properties and the thermal and UV aging performances of the cured SiE resins were investigated. The SiE resins became more flexible with decreasing epoxy value, and the resin with the moderate epoxy value had the highest thermal and UV resistances. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

气相催化丙酸与甲醛缩合反应制甲基丙烯酸

采用等体积浸渍法制备一系列Cs负载催化剂,采用XRD、ICP和物理吸附等对催化剂进行表征。在固定床反应器中进行气相催化丙酸与甲醛羟醛缩合反应制备甲基丙烯酸,以多聚甲醛解聚液为甲醛源头,考察载体种类、Cs负载量、铯源、反应温度及载气流速等对催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明,较优的工艺条件为:反应温度340℃,活性组分Cs负载质量分数10%,丙酸与甲醛物质的量比1∶2,载气N2流速60 mL·min^(-1),此条件下,催化剂具有较好的催化活性,甲基丙烯酸收率为26%,甲基丙烯酸选择性为90.4%。     

高温气体与过冷液直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能分析

提出制冷压缩机排出的高温高压制冷剂气体与制冷剂过冷液体直接接触凝结换热的新型制冷循环,结合自然工质氨的热力特性,分析直接接触凝结制冷循环的热力性能,并与常规双级压缩和单级压缩制冷循环的性能进行对比,得出：随着主循环饱和液温度的升高,直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能系数先增大后减小存在最大值,冷凝器散热量先减小后增大存在最小值,流过蒸发器的制冷剂质量流量逐渐增大。在相同蒸发温度和冷凝温度下,当过冷液体的过冷度为20℃时,较常规双级压缩制冷循环,直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能系数提高4.92%,冷凝器散热量减少6.65%,蒸发器的制冷剂质量流量减少7.2%～7.9%;当过冷液体的过冷度为5℃时,较常规单级压缩制冷循环,直接接触凝结制冷循环的性能系数提高6.52%,冷凝器散热量减少3.32%,蒸发器的制冷剂质量流量减少8.58%～8.91%。结果表明氨直接接触凝结制冷循环较常规制冷循环具有明显的优势。     

PVDF中空纤维换热管亲/疏水组合表面强化蒸汽冷凝传热

针对塑料换热管热导率低的问题,采用非溶剂致相分离法（NIPS）,通过控制铸膜液中磺化聚醚砜（SPES）添加量,制备出具有致密层/非致密层复合结构,外表面接触角分别为49.8°、78.1°的中空纤维表面亲水（PVDF/SPES）、表面疏水（PVDF）换热管,在非致密层内填充水,从而提高换热管导热性能。将单根的表面亲水、疏水换热管编织,在列管式塑料换热器壳程,利用两根换热管的外表面,构建蒸汽冷凝用亲/疏水组合表面,研究该表面上蒸汽冷凝传热强化效果。研究表明,较熔融拉伸法制备的致密PVDF换热管疏水表面,NIPS法制备的亲水表面、疏水表面及亲/疏水组合表面上的蒸汽冷凝总传热系数分别提高46.6%、56.5%、99.7%。可见,较单一的亲水或疏水表面而言,亲/疏水组合表面能够显著强化蒸汽冷凝传热性能。