导电炭黑和沥青基短切碳纤维对丁腈橡胶性能的影响

研究导电炭黑及其与沥青基短切碳纤维(PCF)并用对丁腈橡胶(NBR)物理、导电和导热性能的影响。结果表明:随着导电炭黑用量增大,导电炭黑/NBR硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和热导率均呈增大趋势,而体积电阻率呈阶梯形减小趋势;随着导电炭黑用量减小和PCF用量增大,导电炭黑/PCF/NBR硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均明显减小,体积电阻率略有降低,而热导率呈线性增大趋势。     

导电炭黑/杜仲胶复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的研究

采用机械共混法制备了导电炭黑/杜仲胶复合材料,研究炭黑用量对复合材料电性能和电磁屏蔽性能的影响。结果表明：随着炭黑用量的增加,复合材料的导电率增大,当炭黑用量为25份时,导电率达到3.3S/cm,导电率遵循导电逾渗规律;复合材料的Payne效应越来越大,有利于形成稳定的导电网络;复合材料的拉伸强度逐渐增大后略微降低,断裂伸长率先增加后逐渐下降。复合材料的屏蔽效能增大,当炭黑用量为20份时,屏蔽效能最高能达到33.2dB,可以满足一般工业或者商业用电子设备的要求。     

微胶囊制作技术及其在电子纸中的应用

电泳显示、LCD等信息显示技术,应用于电子纸产品,存在性能不稳、产品寿命短等问题.综述了复凝聚、原位聚合等微胶囊合成方法及其改进技术,包括使用阻聚剂提高胶囊平滑度、加入抗冲击剂改善胶囊分散状态,以及无机颜料、有机颜料和纳米SiO2等电泳颗粒的微胶囊改性技术,展示了电泳墨水微胶囊技术的新进展.微胶囊技术应用于电泳显示、LCD以及双色球和磁性电子纸等,改善了电子纸显示器性能.     

激光热处理用新型吸光涂料与碳素墨汁的比较研究

为了克服碳素墨汁、磷化剂等传统吸光涂料吸光率低、污染环境的缺点,作者研制了一种激光热处理用新型的吸光涂料,并将该涂料与碳素墨汁进行了比较研究,结果表明,这种飞机色涂料具有手感细腻、与金属基体结合牢固、干燥快、无毒、无刺激性气味、环境友好、易清除等优点,且对10.6μm波长的CO_2激光的吸收率达85%以上,而碳素墨汁的吸光率只有30%,在相同工艺条件下,涂有新型涂料试样激光淬火后的硬化区面积和硬化层深度分别为3.44mm~2和1.05mm,而碳素墨汁分别为1.01mm~2和0.32mm;涂有新型涂料试样激光淬火后表面洛氏硬度平均为HRC57.6,而碳素墨汁平均为HRC38.6;涂有新型涂料的试样无论聚集法还是宽带法激光淬火后,其表层压应力均大于碳素墨汁,且涂有新型涂料的试样表层的最大压应力为-429MPa。     

导电聚合物电阻率测定方法的探讨

采用国标GB3048.3—83和自制的直线型四探针电阻率测量仪对导电丁腈橡胶进行了测量比较。结果表明,四探针方法适用于有机导电材料的电阻率测量,与国家标准相比具有测量准确、可靠、迅速,对试样没有特殊要求,可以在制成品上进行非破坏性测试的特点。     

高密度聚乙烯—炭黑（HDPE—C）PTC材料的导电机制

利用炭黑与高密度聚乙烯复合制成了具有ＰＴＣ功能的导电材料（ＨＤＰＥ－Ｃ）,根据目前各种地电理论,提出“晶界”导电模型,并推导出了炭黑的填加量（Ｌ）、高聚物结晶体大小（α）、碳粒子半径（ｒｃ）、碳粒子间距（Ｘ）之间的关系,晶界导电模型与实验结果有较好的符合。     

Highly Stable Ag–Au Core–Shell Nanowire Network for ITO-Free Flexible Organic Electrochromic Device

Solid and flexible electrochromic (EC) devices require a delicate design of every component to meet the stringent requirements for transparency, flexibility, and deformation stability. However, the electrode technology in flexible EC devices stagnates, wherein brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) is the primary material. Meanwhile, the inflexibility of metal oxide usually used in an active layer and the leakage issue of liquid electrolyte further negatively affect EC device performance and lifetime. Herein, a novel and fully ITO-free flexible organic EC device is developed by using Ag–Au core–shell nanowire (Ag–Au NW) networks, EC polymer and LiBF₄/propylene carbonate/poly(methyl methacrylate) as electrodes, active layer, and solid electrolyte, respectively. The Ag–Au NW electrode integrated with a conjugated EC polymer together display excellent stability in harsh environments due to the tight encapsulation by the Au shell, and high area capacitance of 3.0 mF cm⁻² and specific capacitance of 23.2 F g⁻¹ at current density of 0.5 mA cm⁻². The device shows high EC performance with reversible transmittance modulation in the visible region (40.2% at 550 nm) and near-infrared region ( − 68.2% at 1600 nm). Moreover, the device presents excellent flexibility ( > 1000 bending cycles at the bending radius of 5 mm) and fast switching time (5.9 s).     

Mechanically Strong and Multifunctional Hybrid Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity

Stretchable conductive hydrogels with simultaneous high mechanical strength/modulus, and ultrahigh, stable electrical conductivity are ideal for applications in soft robots, artificial skin, and bioelectronics, but to date, they are still very challenging to fabricate. Herein, sandwich-structured hybrid hydrogels based on layers of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels and a layer of silver nanowires (AgNWs)/PVA are fabricated by electrospinning combined with vacuum-assisted filtration. The hybrid ANF-PVA hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with the tensile modulus of 10.7–15.4 MPa, tensile strength of 3.3–5.5 MPa, and fracture energy up to 5.7 kJ m⁻², primarily attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA and ANFs and in-plane alignment of the fibrous structure. Rational design of heterogeneous structure endows the hydrogels with ultrahigh apparent electrical conductivity of 1.66 × 10⁴ S m⁻¹, among the highest electrical conductivities ever reported so far for conductive hydrogels. More importantly, this ultrahigh conductivity remains constant upon a broad range of applied strains from 0–90% and over 500 stretching cycles. Furthermore, the hydrogels exhibit excellent Joule heating and electromagnetic interference shielding performances due to the ultrahigh electrical conductivity. These mechanically strong, hybrid hydrogels with ultrahigh and strain-invariant electrical conductivity represent great promises for many important applications such as flexible electronics.     

Thermal Transport in Conductive Polymer–Based Materials

The demand for flexible conductive materials has motivated many recent studies on conductive polymer–based materials. However, the thermal conductivity of conductive polymers is relatively low, which may lead to serious heat dissipation problems for device applications. This review provides a summary of the fundamental principles for thermal transport in conductive polymers and their composites, and recent advancements in regulating their thermal conductivity. The thermal transport mechanisms in conductive polymer–based materials and up‐to‐date experimental approaches for measuring thermal conductivity are first summarized. Effective approaches for the regulation of thermal conductivity are then discussed. Finally, thermal‐related applications and future perspectives are given for conductive polymers and their composites.     

Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofibers on Cu Foil as a 3D Current Collector for Reversible Li Plating/Stripping toward High‐Performance Li–S Batteries

A vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) array with unique conically stacked graphitic structure directly grown on a planar Cu current collector (denoted as VACNF/Cu) is used as a high‐porosity 3D host to overcome the commonly encountered issues of Li metal anodes. The excellent electrical conductivity and highly active lithiophilic graphitic edge sites facilitate homogenous coaxial Li plating/stripping around each VACNF and forming a uniform solid electrolyte interphase. The high specific surface area effectively reduces the local current density and suppresses dendrite growth during the charging/discharging processes. Meanwhile, this open nanoscale vertical 3D structure eliminates the volume changes during Li plating/stripping. As a result, highly reversible Li plating/stripping with high coulombic efficiency is achieved at various current densities. A low voltage hysteresis of 35 mV over 500 h in symmetric cells is achieved at 1 mA cm^?2 with an areal Li plating capacity of 2 mAh cm^?2, which is far superior to the planar Cu current collector. Furthermore, a Li–S battery using a S@PAN cathode and a lithium‐plated VACNF/Cu (VACNF/Cu@Li) anode with slightly higher capacity (2 mAh cm^?2) exhibits an excellent rate capability and high cycling stability with no capacity fading over 600 cycles.