小浪底水库对氨氮的水环境效应

采用1992年7月—2008年2月黄河干流潼关、三门峡、小浪底等水质监测断面氨氮逐月浓度监测数据,分析了小浪底水库运行前后潼关、三门峡、小浪底的氨氮年通量、年平均浓度变化情况,并结合潼关自动站与花园口自动站氨氮监测数据以及断面过水流量历史记录,研究了小浪底水库对氨氮的水环境效应。结果表明:小浪底水库运行后,就氨氮指标而言,小浪底坝下断面水质达标率大幅提高;从氨氮浓度波峰出现时间来看,小浪底断面氨氮浓度变化比潼关、三门峡断面滞后,滞后时间为30～60 d;小浪底水库下泄流量越大,有效库容越小,水库对氨氮的稀释作用越小,氨氮波峰滞后时间越短。     

某大型岸边循环水泵房有限元分析

随着循环水泵房的大型化及复杂化,通过采用空间有限元计算程序对大型复杂的循环水泵房进行整体结构分析的方法,已是一种趋势。文章结合某大型岸边循环水泵房的有限元分析,探讨MIDAS大型空间有限元程序在工程中的应用。     

基于AHP的丹江流域生态修复模式模糊综合评价

丹江流域过去几十年里采用了生态、工程、生态与工程相结合、生态移民4种模式对流域生态进行了修复。为了进一步完善丹江流域生态修复模式,建立了生态修复评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评判法对丹江流域生态修复的综合效果进行了评价。丹江流域生态修复评价结果为良好。经分析发现,丹江流域生态修复中植物措施的主导地位没有得到充分体现,而工程措施比较多,今后,应以自然修复模式为主,人为工程修复模式为辅。     

水电十四局安全生产标准化建设

中国水利水电第十四工程局有限公司通过开展安全生产标准化的建设,突破了安全管理的瓶颈,提升了安全管理水平。为了总结该单位安全生产标准化建设的宝贵经验,对其安全生产标准化的内容、实施及产生的积极效果进行分析论述,力求寻求一套安全生产标准化建设的成熟模式,供同行参考。     

南四湖水质空间分布特征分析与改善效果评估

根据南四湖2006年、2007年、2010年和2011年4次90个采样点的水质空间分布监测数据,采用Surfer 8.0软件绘制南四湖水质空间分布等值线图,进行南四湖及分湖区水质指标的综合比较分析和平均综合污染指数的计算与污染控制效果评估。结果表明:南四湖COD、NH3-N、TP、TN和CODMn等指标的空间分布具有北高南低的非均一性特点;2010—2011年比2006—2007年枯水期各水质指标的平均浓度下降率为38.3%,整体提高了1～2个水质类别;按GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅲ类标准相应的平均综合污染指数进行评价,达标和基本达标湖区的比例达到63.3%;2010—2011年枯水期南四湖主要污染物分担率由大到小排序依次为TP、COD、TN、CODMn、NH3-N;水质平均综合污染指数与电导率存在很好的相关性和北高南低的污染特点,说明南四湖水污染物仍然以外源排放为主。     

Cognitive processes in complex tasks: introduction and discussion

This paper points out that the fusional limits of binocular stereoscopic viewing are an important factor, not only determining the reproduction range of stereoscopic images, but also the conformity between the stereoscopic display and stereoscopic vision. Experimental results showed that fusional limits increase in proportion to the field of view angle, and that they are affected not only by the size of the viewing target, but also by the effects that the environment has on the target. These findings explain the differences between binocular vision in real space and binocular vision in a stereoscopic display. Finally, the conditions under which observers arc able to view images of stereoscopic displays without excessive visual strain are discussed.     

Change of search time and non-search time in X-ray baggage screening due to training

As found in studies of aircraft structural inspection, the time used for judging if a part of an aircraft shows tiny cracks is composed of search time, used for actively scanning, and non-search time, used for matching and decision while fixating a region of interest (Drury et al. 1997 Drury, C. G., Spencer, F. W. and Schurman, D. . Measuring human detection performance in aircraft visual inspection. Proceedings of the 41st annual Human Factors and Ergonomics Society meeting. Albuquerque, NM. pp.304–308. NM. Santa Monica, CA: HFES.  [Google Scholar]). These findings can be applied to detection of threats by X-ray screening of passenger bags at airports. To investigate whether search time and non-search time change when an experienced screener is given additional training in recognising threat objects in passenger bags, data from a European airport were analysed. A comparison of detection performance and reaction time between two large groups of screeners, one trained for 6 months, shows a large impact of training on overall performance and on both search and non-search components of the task. There was also a small but consistent decline in performance measures with screener age. This study shows a way to localise the effect of training on threat detection performance for aviation security screening. Analysis of the time needed for screening each passenger bag showed that training had a significant effect, particularly on the non-search part of the searching process (i.e. identification, recognition, decision, response execution, etc.).     

Mg-Al-Eu三元层状化合物的结构和荧光记忆效应

研究了Mg-Al-Eu三元层状氢氧化物（TLH）分别在无CO2的去离子纯水（pH=7）、苯丙氨酸水溶液（pH=5）以及苯丙氨酸钠水溶液（pH =8,9,11）体系中的结构和荧光记忆效应.X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果发现：400℃煅烧后的TLH在这不同的体系中都能很好地重构成原始的TLH结构.荧光光谱（FL）研究结果表明：400℃煅烧后的TLH在一定时间内也能较好地恢复其原始的荧光性质;但超过一定时间后,其荧光性质将发生变化,这种荧光的变化可能与其重构产物在不同溶液体系中的浸泡时间和体系的pH有关;此外,还发现重构产物的结晶度和粒子尺寸与溶液体系的pH以及浸泡时间有关.     

Vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil

To assess the effectiveness of vacuum preloading combined electroosmotic strengthening of ultra-soft soil and study the mechanism of the process, a comprehensive experimental investigation was performed. A laboratory test cell was designed and applied to evaluate the vacuum preloading combined electroosmosis. Several factors were taken into consideration, including the directions of the electroosmotic current and water induced by vacuum preloading and the replenishment of groundwater from the surrounding area. The results indicate that electroosmosis together with vacuum preloading improve the soil strength greatly, with an increase of approximately 60%, and reduce the water content of the soil on the basis of consolidation of vacuum preloading, howeve~ further settlement is not obvious with only 1.7 mm. The reinforcement effect of vacuum preloading combined electroosmosis is better than that of electroosmosis after vacuum preloading. Elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence proves that the soil strengthening during electroosmotic period in this work is mainly caused by electroosmosis-induced electrochemical reactions, the concentrations of Al2O3 in the VPCEO region increase by 2.2%, 1.5%, and 0.9% at the anode, the midpoint between the electrodes, and the cathode, respectively.     

基于ANSYS/Fluent的FSAE赛车限流阀的仿真优化研究

为设计赛车进气效果最佳的限流阀,本文采用Solidworks软件,建立赛车发动机限流阀三维实体模型,利用ANSYS中Fluent模块对限流阀模型内流场进行分析,得到限流阀内部的压力场和速度场分析云图,根据分析结果选取锥形口的限流阀结构,并对限流阀的设计参数进行优化分析.分析结果表明,为保证发动机气流流量的供应和进气气流的稳定,选择出口锥角为14°,进口直径为50 mm,渐缩长度为50 mm,渐扩长度为90 mm的限流阀,发动机气流流量的供应和进气气流较为稳定,进气效果最理想.该研究改善了FSAE赛车限流阀对发动机动力性能的影响.