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DAVID HARMANEC 《国际通用系统杂志》2013,42(1-2):63-72
Abstract The relationship between uncertainty and the Dempster rule of combination in Dempster-Shafer theory is discussed. In particular, a condition is presented that is sufficient to guarantee that uncertainty does not increase by using the rule. A new definition of conflict of pieces of evidence is proposed and discussed. 相似文献
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Measures of two types of uncertainty that coexist in the Dempster-Shafer theory are overviewed. A measure of one type of uncertainty, which expresses nonspecificity of evidential claims, is well justified on both intuitive and mathematical grounds. Proposed measures of the other types of uncertainty, which atlempt to capture conflicts among evidential claims, are shown to have some deficiencies. To alleviate these deficiencies, a new measure is proposed. This measure, which is called a measure of discord, is not only satisfactory on intuitive grounds, but has also desirable mathematical properties. A measure of total uncertainty, which is defined as the sum of nonspecificity and discord, is also discussed. The paper focuses on conceptual issues. Mathematical properties of the measure of discord are only slated; their proofs are given in a companion paper.15 相似文献
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GERTRUDE NEUMAN LEVINE 《国际通用系统杂志》2013,42(2):113-127
A generalized discussion of the anomaly of starvation is presented. Starvation is defined to be an infinite or unbounded delay, and classified in terms of its cause and the methods used for its control. A model and a set of control mechanisms are developed. The model, appropriate for various buffered and unbuffered resource systems, allows an ordering of requests by time and by stages of their lifetimes. We investigate the behavior and control of requests during starvation and during various anomalies of conflict. 相似文献
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The nature of home automation is introduced. It is argued that end users should be able to define how the home system reacts to changing circumstances. Policies are employed as user-defined rules for how this should happen. The architecture of the Homer home automation system is briefly overviewed. The Homer policy system and the Homeric policy language it supports are explained. A technique is described for offline conflict analysis among policies (the analogue of the feature interaction problem). A substantial worked example shows how conflict detection is performed on a range of sample home policies. 相似文献
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Van Doorn Muriel D.; Branje Susan J. T.; VanderValk Inge E.; De Goede Irene H. A.; Meeus Wim H. J. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,25(1):157
This study longitudinally investigated spillover effects of conflict resolution styles in adolescent-parent relationships and adolescent friendships. Questionnaires about conflict resolution styles with parents and best friends were completed by adolescents from two age cohorts: 559 early adolescents (mean age 13.4) and 327 middle adolescents (mean age 17.7). Path analyses on two waves, with a three-year interval, indicated that in the early-to-middle adolescent group positive problem solving and conflict engagement spilled over from adolescent-parent relationships to adolescent friendships and not from adolescent friendships to adolescent-parent relationships. In the middle-to-late adolescent group, we found bidirectional spillover effects for these two conflict resolution styles. For withdrawal, we found bidirectional spillover effects in both cohorts. This study showed that both parents and friends set the stage for exercising and learning conflict resolution styles and thereby shape adolescents' future conflict behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Klahr Ashlea M.; McGue Matt; Iacono William G.; Burt S. Alexandra 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,120(1):46
A handful of prior adoption studies have confirmed that the cross-sectional relationship between child conduct problems and parent–child conflict at least partially originates in the shared environment. However, as the direction of causation between parenting and delinquency remains unclear, this relationship could be better explained by the adolescent's propensity to elicit conflictive parenting, a phenomenon referred to as an evocative gene–environment correlation. In the current study, the authors thus examined the prospective relationship between conduct problems and parent–child conflict in a sample of adoptive families. Participants included 672 adolescents in 405 adoptive families assessed at 2 time points roughly 4 years apart. Results indicated that parent–child conflict predicts the development of conduct problems, whereas conduct problems do not predict increases in parent–child conflict. Such findings suggest that evocative gene–environment correlations are highly unlikely to be an explanation of prior shared environmental effects during adolescence. Moreover, because the adolescents in this study do not share genes with their adoptive parents, the association between conduct problems and parent–child conflict is indicative of shared environmental mediation in particular. Implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Schlomer Gabriel L.; Del Giudice Marco; Ellis Bruce J. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2011,118(3):496
Decades of research demonstrate that conflict shapes and permeates a broad range of family processes. In the current article, we argue that greater insight, integration of knowledge, and empirical achievement in the study of family conflict can be realized by utilizing a powerful theory from evolutionary biology that is barely known within psychology: parent–offspring conflict theory (POCT). In the current article, we articulate POCT for psychological scientists, extend its scope by connecting it to the broader framework of life history theory, and draw out its implications for understanding conflict within human families. We specifically apply POCT to 2 instances of early mother–offspring interaction (prenatal conflict and weaning conflict); discuss the effects of genetic relatedness on behavioral conflict between parents, children, and their siblings; review the emerging literature on parent–offspring conflict over the choice of mates and spouses; and examine parent–offspring conflict from the perspective of imprinted genes. This review demonstrates the utility of POCT, not only for explaining what is known about conflict within families but also for generating novel hypotheses, suggesting new lines of research, and moving us toward the “big picture” by integrating across biological and psychological domains of knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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