Vectorial scale-based fuzzy-connected image segmentation

This paper presents an extension of previously published theory and algorithms for fuzzy-connected image segmentation. In this approach, a strength of connectedness is assigned to every pair of image elements. This is done by finding the strongest among all possible connecting paths between the two elements in each pair. The strength assigned to a particular path is defined as the weakest affinity between successive pairs of elements along the path. Affinity specifies the degree to which elements hang together locally in the image. A scale is determined at every element in the image that indicates the size of the largest homogeneous hyperball region centered at the element. In determining affinity between any two elements, all elements within their scale regions are considered. This method has been effectively utilized in several medical applications. In this paper, we generalize this method from scalar images to vectorial images. In a vectorial image, scale is defined as the radius of the largest hyperball contained in the same homogeneous region under a predefined condition of homogeneity of the image vector field. Two different components of affinity, namely homogeneity-based affinity and object-feature-based affinity, are devised in a fully vectorial manner. The original relative fuzzy connectedness algorithm is utilized to delineate a specified object via a competing strategy among multiple objects. We have presented several studies to evaluate the performance of this method based on simulated MR images, 20 clinical MR images, and 250 mathematical phantom images. These studies indicate that the fully vectorial fuzzy connectedness formulation has generally overall better accuracy than the method using some intermediate ad hoc steps to fit the vectorial image to a scalar fuzzy connectedness formulation, and precision and efficiency are similar for these two methods.     

不同重要性结构的抗震设防水准

在分析各国建筑物重要性标定方法弊端的基础上，采用设计基准期TL来标定建筑的重要性类别，并通过分析给出了不同重要性建筑设计基准期的合理建议值，在计算了四类不同重要性建筑常遇、偶遇、罕遇地震相应于50a的超越概率后，通过分析各类建筑各级设防水准的重现期探讨了重现期的合理取值问题，研究表明，该方法物理概念清楚、工程意义明确，正确地体现了结构不同重要性类别的差别。     

必须重视高职生的社会实践

学生的实践能力是高等职业院校人才培养目标的一个重要组成部分，高职院应该重视学生的社会实践，并采取具体的措施提高学生认识社会、服务社会的能力。     

The Geometry of M/D/1 Queues and Large Deviation

Since an M/D/1 queue is represented by a Markov chain, we can consider the set of all the M/D/1 queues as a subset of Markov chains. A geometric structure is induced from the geometric structure of the set of Markov chains, which forms an exponential family. In this paper, we show that in the large deviation of the tail probability of the queue length of an M/D/1, the rate function and a twisted Markov chain, etc., are represented in terms of the geometry. Moreover, in the importance sampling (IS) simulation for the M/D/1 queue, we elucidate the geometric relation between the underlying distribution and a simulation distribution, and evaluate the variance of an IS estimate by geometric quantities.     

抓好用邓小平理论武装人这个根本

本文通过对学校用邓小平理论武装人“五抓”工程(抓骨干、抓课堂主渠道、抓活动、抓实践、抓舆论)的具体论述,阐明了大学生学习邓小平理论的有效途径和新方法。     

A methodology of determining aggregated importance of engineering characteristics in QFD

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem-solving tool that is gaining acceptance for translating customer requirements (CRs) into engineering characteristics (ECs) of a product. Deriving the importance of ECs is a crucial step of applying QFD. However, the inherent fuzziness in QFD presents a special challenge to effectively evaluate the importance of ECs and correlation among them. Furthermore, degree of impact of an engineering characteristic (EC) on the other ECs also reflects the importance of the ECs. In previous studies, those impacts were neglected or simply represented using a linear combination in determining the importance of ECs. To address this issue, in this paper, a new methodology of determining aggregated importance of ECs is presented which involves the consideration of conventional meaning of importance of ECs as well as the impacts of an EC on other ECs. In the proposed methodology, fuzzy relation measures between CRs and ECs as well as fuzzy correlation measures among ECs are determined based on fuzzy expert systems approach. These two types of measures are then used to determine the aggregated importance of ECs. An example of design of a digital camera is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.     

Situational influences on ethical decision-making in an IT context

Processes of ethical decision-making are thought to depend on the issue faced when making the decision. We examined the processes by examining student's reactions to five scenarios involving IT use. Data were collected using a questionnaire following a group discussion. The results showed that ethical decision-making processes did indeed vary by scenario, suggesting that a single-issue approach is inadequate for studying ethical decision-making. Perceived importance of the ethical issue was a factor in the scenarios, but it did not have an all-inclusive influence on the decision-making of the participants. The results were considered in the context of theories and Mason's ethical issues of the information age. We offer advice to managers on how to limit unethical behavior.     

视觉注意引导和区域竞争控制的医学图像分割

模糊连接度已经成为医学图像分割的实用方法，但其困难在于需要设定多种子点，自动给定的手段不是很有效.为此将种子点等价于视觉特征显著点，提出了在视觉注意模型引导下种子点给定的新方法.通过研究显著点定位与图像特征概率密度估计之间的关系，引入新的视觉特征估计地图，构造了注意计算模型，采用无阈值方法定位各类物体的视觉显著点并用于引导区域增长方式的图像分割.新的注意计算模型的定量描述能力较以往的模型有很大提高，适用于处理模糊图像.新方法能够完全自动定位种子点，有效分割图像，准确率高.引入多种子点之间的竞争策略加快了图像分割中的区域增长处理过程.     

基于重要抽样的联锁软件安全性评估

根据计算机联锁软件失效危险严重性等级的不同,科学地建立了安全性评估指标,介绍了重要抽样的基本原理,以及利用层次分析法确定抽样概率。重点研究了基于重要抽样方法在计算机联锁软件测试和评估中的具体应用。实验证明,该方法在不影响评估结果的准确性情况下,解决了传统联锁软件测试效率低的问题。     

基于综合重要度的电网关键线路辨识方法

更加精准快速识别出电网关键线路，对提高电网运行的稳定程度以及预防电网连锁故障具有重要意义。文章首先基于复杂网络理论提出改进潮流介数指标，从结构角度判别系统受到功率扰动后线路的脆弱程度；然后基于熵理论，提出计及线路负载率的加权潮流转移熵指标，克服原有指标中只考虑转移潮流分布均匀性的不足；最后建立包括以上2种指标的综合重要度评估指标，更加全面地衡量线路在电力系统中的重要程度。通过对IEEE 39节点系统进行仿真，得出了不同攻击方式下系统的改进网络传输效率变化曲线图，证明了综合重要度指标的有效性，对预防电力系统连锁故障具有重要意义。