NAK80塑料模具钢本构关系的试验研究

利用电子材料拉伸试验机、热模拟试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆系统对NAK80塑料模具钢在较宽温度范围(25~600℃)和不同应变率(700~5 000 s-1)条件下的力学特性开展了系列的试验研究。结果表明:室温下,NAK80塑料模具钢流变行为对应变率不敏感;相同应变率下(10-2s-1),其屈服强度和流变应力随温度升高而下降,且高温下热软化效应明显,导致屈服后应变增加而应力下降。以试验数据为基础,拟合了Johnson-Cook模型,利用该模型对不同温度和不同应变率下NAK80塑料模具钢的流变应力进行预测,与试验数据对比表明,拟合的Johnson-Cook模型能够较好的描述NAK80塑料模具钢的流变行为。     

基于变形热的NEPE推进剂本构模型

针对硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂在冲击载荷下的变形生热现象,基于热传导理论,拟合得到了冲击载荷下的温升函数。基于固体推进剂力学特性所具有的温度相关性,将温升函数添加到黏-超弹本构模型中,由此提出了一种考虑变形生热的黏-超弹本构模型,利用NEPE推进剂的SHPB实验数据进行了参数的获取和模型验证。结果表明:该模型可以很好地预测固体推进剂在高应变率下的力学曲线;在研究聚合物冲击载荷条件下本构模型时应考虑冲击生热对聚合物造成的软化影响。     

金属材料在高应变率下的热粘塑性本构模型

提出了一种考虑应变强化、应变率强化、热软化效应及材料损伤的本构模型,通过在Johnson-Cook热粘塑性本构关系中增加一个随应变增大应力减速小的软化项,反映材料的损伤.该模型可以很好地预测材料的整个变形过程,同时提供了一个确定软化项系数的简单方法.     

不同围压下混凝土受压弹塑性损伤本构模型的研究

在ＭＴＳ公司８１５０２型电液伺服系统上，完成了围压由０～４０ＭＰａ范围内混凝土受压试验，发现随着围压的增大，应力应变全曲线的峰值应力与峰值应变均有所提高，但弹性模量基本不变在此基础上，根据等效应变假定和内变量理论，建立了考虑不可逆应变影响的弹塑性损伤本构模型只要计及峰值应力和峰值应变的变化，该模型可以统一地描述不同围压下混凝土的力学性能     

Direct structuring of C60 thin film transistors by photo-lithography under ambient conditions

Direct structuring techniques are an indispensable need for future low-cost applications of organic semiconductor materials in e.g. active matrix displays or integrated circuits. We demonstrate direct structuring of a small molecule organic semiconductor by a photo-lithography lift off process under ambient conditions. To show compatibility of this process, we fabricate organic thin film transistors (OTFT) containing the benchmark electron transporting semiconductor C60 as active material in a top-contact geometry. C60 as electron transporting semiconductor serves as good indicator for contamination and degradation caused by the structuring procedure. To disclose influences of structuring, we discuss the OTFT performance for different channel lengths from 100 μm down to 2.7 μm. In particular, we show that lithography processing gives rise to increased contact resistances. Apart from that, mobility of C60 as material parameter is only weakly affected which underlines the compatibility of the suggested structuring procedure. The potential of this structuring procedure for future integration of driving transistors in active matrix displays is demonstrated.     

任意三维非共形椭球隐身斗篷的设计研究

目前,对于隐身斗篷的研究只局限于内外边界共形,基于线性坐标变换理论,提出任意三维非共形椭球隐身斗篷的设计方法,并得到非共形椭球斗篷的本构参数张量表达式,该斗篷的本构参数是非均匀各向异性的。根据推导出的本构参数张量,利用基于有限元分析的电磁仿真软件,对多种类型电磁波照射时的不同几何参量的非共形椭球斗篷进行三维仿真验证,三维电场分布图证实了所推导本构参数张量的正确性。三维任意非共形椭球斗篷在几何形状选择上更加灵活,更加贴合实际应用。提出的三维任意非共形椭球斗篷也为今后隐身斗篷的设计提供一种新的途径。     

单室双推力发动机装药的瞬态结构完整性分析

针对单室双推力发动机装药在低温点火工况下结构完整性,为了求解损伤的热粘弹性有限元模型,采用增量有限元方法,获取了装药内部的应力应变场.研究表明,在固化降温时,人工脱粘层对装药头部与尾部起到应力释放的作用,避免了装药与绝热层界面的破坏;同时,装药内部Mises应力值较大的部位是过渡段翼尖处与圆柱段表面.在点火时刻,装药环向应变的值较大部位是圆柱段表面.最后,采用文中方法,可应用于指导发动机装药设计与安全评估.     

带强迫项的KdV方程的非线性自伴随性和守恒律

应用非线性自伴随性的概念和伊布拉基莫夫的一般守恒律定理,研究了带强迫的KdV方程的非线性自伴随性和守恒律。首先讨论了自伴随性,结果表明这个方程具有非线性自伴随性,同时得到了这个方程的形式拉格朗日量。在对这个方程进行李对称分析之后,根据李对称的不同得到了这个方程的一些非平凡守恒律。     

Impediments to the enforcement of youth access laws

OBJECTIVE: To recognise obstacles to the implementation of the effective enforcement of tobacco sales laws and to identify measures that could be taken to overcome these obstacles. DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with health department officials in Massachusetts communities to determine why their efforts to prevent illegal sales of tobacco to minors had been only partially successful. SETTING: Urban, suburban, and rural communities in Massachusetts, USA. RESULTS: Organisational problems, court challenges to citations, budgetary threats, and political pressure all combined to reduce the frequency of enforcement inspections to half the intended rate. Political pressure resulted in the exclusion of older youths from compliance tests, further undermining enforcement efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions for addressing the problems include obtaining support from the community, keeping elected and court officials informed about plans for merchant education and law enforcement, using efficient enforcement protocols, setting merchant compliance goals, and advising the public and government officials about progress towards those goals, using older youths to make purchase attempts, and testing all merchants frequently.     

铝合金齿轮泵泵体半固态挤压成形的数值模拟研究

采用半固态挤压方法生产零部件,可以消除铸造方法产生的气孔或疏松。通过线性回归的方法建立半固态A356铝合金在570～580℃高固相率温度范围内,不同应变和应变速率下的刚粘塑性本构关系。采用商业有限元模拟软件Deform-3D对A356铝合金材料半固态挤压成形齿轮泵泵体的成形过程进行数值模拟,得到成形过程的流动速度场、有效应力应变场、压力-行程曲线等,并对其进行简要的分析,得出成形过程中的金属流动情况。