HL-2A Tokamak Edge Modeling with B2

The outer divertor plasma of HL-2A and its associated scrape-off plasma have been simulated using a two-dimensional multi-species fluid code of Braams with a simplified neutral gas model. HL-2A has a double-null closed divertor in separate divertor chambers above and below the nearly circular plasma tours. The computed numerical grid is developed according to an ideal magnetic surface. The calculation is involved only with pure hydrogen plasma. The emphasis has been focused on parametric studies involving variation of the assumptions made for the core plasma. The peak temperatures and the heat flux near the target are of the principal concern。     

高质量图象压缩的自适应DPCM/DCT混合编码方法

DCT是数据压缩的主要技术之一 ,它能将图象的主要能量集中在很少的几个 DCT系数上 .可是 ,DCT对于含有较多边缘的图象块并不十分有效 ,因为 DCT变换作用于这样的图象块后不能导致有效的能量集中 .文中提出了一种自适应 DPCM/ DCT混和编码方法用于解决这一问题 .对于每一个图象块 ,边缘检测器自动判断该块是否含有较强的边缘 ,如果含有较强的边缘 ,则使用DPCM编码器 ;如果不含有较强的边缘 ,则使用 DCT编码器 .DPCM编码器自动从给定的预测器中选定一个产生最小预测误差的预测器 ,然后用 Rice编码器对误差图象编码 .对于非边缘块 ,使用DCT、游程和变长编码技术 .实验结果显示文中所提出的方法在压缩比和解码时间方面优于 JPEG无失真模式和标准 JPEG模式 (当 bpp=1— 4时 )     

On the Precision in Estimating the Location of Edges and Corners

Recently, in Rohr [13], we analyzed the systematiclocalization errors introduced by local operators for detectinggrey-value corners. These errors are inherently due to thedifferential structure of the operators and, in general, areenlarged by discretization and noise effects. Here, we take thestatistical point of view to analyze the localization errorscaused by noisy data. We consider a continuous image model thatrepresents the blur as well as noise introduced by an imagingsystem. In general, the systematic intensity variations arenonlinear functions of the location parameters. For this modelwe derive analytic results stating lower bounds for the locationuncertainty of image features. The lower bounds are evaluatedfor explicit edge and corner models. We show that the precisionof localization in general depends on the noise level, on thesize of the observation window, on the width of the intensitytransitions, as well as on other parameters describing thesystematic intensity variations. We also point out that theuncertainty lower bounds in localizing these image features canin principle be attained by fitting parametric models directlyto the image intensities. To give an impression of theachievable accuracy numerical examples are presented.     

用微机CAD/CAM一体化系统─SCADAM求解锥形导叶空间密合线及密合倾角

叙述了用ＳＴＡＲＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ求解贯流式水轮机锥形导叶空间密合线及密合面倾角的条件、方法及过程。     

Robust Hybrid Control of Constrained Robot Manipulators via Decomposed Equations

Basing on a constraint Jacobian induced orthogonal decomposition of the task space and by requiring the force controller to be orthogonal to the constraint manifold, the dynamics of the constrained robots under hybrid control is decomposed into a set of two equations. One describes the motion of robots moving on the constraint manifold, while the other relates the constraint force with the hybrid controller. This decomposition does not require the solution of the constraint equation in partition form. In this setting, the hybrid control of constrained robots can be essentially reduced to robust stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems whose uncertainties do not satisfy the matching condition. A continuous version of the sliding-mode controller (from Khalil [12]) is employed to design a position controller. The force controller is designed as a proportional force error feedback of high gain type. The coordination of the position controller and the force controller is shown to achieve ultimately bounded position and force tracking with tunable accuracy. Moreover, an estimate of the domain of attraction is provided for the motion on the constraint manifold. Simulation for a planar two-link robot constraining on an ellipse is given to show the effectiveness of a hybrid controller. In addition, the friction effect, viewed as external disturbance to the system, is also examined through simulations.     

自然场景文本定位

随着自然场景文本识别研究的不断深入,建立标准的场景文本图像库和了解该领域的研究现状变得越来越重要。为此,2003年国际文档分析和识别大会专门建立了一个这样的图像库,并组织了自然场景文本识别比赛,我们参加了其中的自然场景文本定位分赛。本文对我们参加这次比赛的算法做了介绍并给出了比赛结果,在文章最后,对参赛算法做了比较,指出了场景文本定位的发展现状。     

数字图像中边缘算法的实验研究

边缘检测是图像处理、计算机视觉中的基础内容．也是至今仍未得到圆满解决的一类。目前图像处理大多数都是针对数字图像，本文对数字图像中几种具有代表性的边缘检测算法进行了理论分析，并通过编程实验，对各种算法进行实现，通过比较得出了各自的优缺点和适用范围。     

多视觉线索融合的表面形状恢复和重建

介绍了一种从遮挡边缘和其它视觉信息恢复表面形状的方法，利用不同视点下的遮挡边缘序列，获取了它们所对应的表面点的三维几何坐标．并结合视差分析，对物体表面的非暴露区域进行深度(高度)计算．最终通过插值，获得表面三维模型，并用图形学的方法对表面进行了三维表达．实现真实目标建模和绘制．实验结果显示了这一研究思路的巨大潜力．     

Modelling of Bird Strike on an Aircraft Wing Leading Edge Made from Fibre Metal Laminates – Part 2: Modelling of Impact with SPH Bird Model

Fibre Metal Laminates with layers of aluminium alloy and high strength glass fibre composite have been reported to possess excellent impact properties and be suitable for aircraft parts likely to be subjected to impacts such as runway debris or bird strikes. In a collaborative research project, aircraft wing leading edge structures with a glass-based FML skin have been designed, built, and subjected to bird strike tests that have been modelled with finite element analysis. In this second part of a two-part paper, a finite element model is developed for simulating the bird strike tests, using Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for modelling the bird and the material model developed in Part 1 of the paper for modelling the leading edge skin. The bird parameters are obtained from a system identification analysis of strikes on flat plates. Pre-test simulations correctly predicted that the bird did not penetrate the leading edge skin, and correctly forecast that one FML lay-up would deform more than the other. Post test simulations included a model of the structure supporting the test article, and the predicted loads transferred to the supporting structure were in good agreement with the experimental values. The SPH bird model showed no signs of instability and correctly modelled the break-up of the bird into particles. The rivets connecting the skin to the ribs were found to have a profound effect on the performance of the structure.     

Block constrained versus generalized Jacobi preconditioners for iterative solution of large-scale Biot’s FEM equations

Generalized Jacobi (GJ) diagonal preconditioner coupled with symmetric quasi-minimal residual (SQMR) method has been demonstrated to be efficient for solving the 2 × 2 block linear system of equations arising from discretized Biot’s consolidation equations. However, one may further improve the performance by employing a more sophisticated non-diagonal preconditioner. This paper proposes to employ a block constrained preconditioner P_c that uses the same 2 × 2 block matrix but its (1, 1) block is replaced by a diagonal approximation. Numerical results on a series of 3-D footing problems show that the SQMR method preconditioned by P_c is about 55% more efficient time-wise than the counterpart preconditioned by GJ when the problem size increases to about 180,000 degrees of freedom. Over the range of problem sizes studied, the P_c-preconditioned SQMR method incurs about 20% more memory than the GJ-preconditioned counterpart. The paper also addresses crucial computational and storage issues in constructing and storing P_c efficiently to achieve superior performance over GJ on the commonly available PC platforms.