EIS and GITT studies on oxide cathodes, O2-Li(2/3)+x(Co0.15Mn0.85)O2 (x=0 and 1/3)

Li ion kinetics in the O2-phase layered manganese oxides, Li_2/3(Co_0.15Mn_0.85)O₂ (O2(Li)) and Li_(2/3)+x(Co_0.15Mn_0.85)O₂ (x=1/3 (O2(Li+x))), has been studied by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) at room temperature and the results were correlated with the observed cathodic behaviour. Both compounds show a reversible capacity of ∼180 mA h/g at low current density (∼5 mA/g). EIS studies as a function of cycle number show an increased contribution of resistance associated with surface film formation and bulk contribution which is in agreement with the increased capacity fading observed in O2(Li+x) after 10-15 cycles. The Li ion diffusion coefficient (D_Li) vs voltage plots show minima during the first charge cycle coinciding with the irreversible plateau of the voltage vs capacity profiles reflecting the irreversible phase change in both the compounds. The values of D_Li (GITT method) observed for the second and subsequent cycles (≤6) in the full voltage range (3.0-4.4 V) are 2×10⁻¹¹-10×10⁻¹¹ cm²/s for O2(Li+x) and 0.5×10⁻¹⁰-3.0×10⁻¹⁰ cm²/s for O2(Li). Variation of D_Li as a function of cycle number (up to 35) indicates that, in addition to the interface kinetics, changes in the D_Li values with cycling also contribute to the capacity fading of the compounds, especially in O2(Li+x).     

The sonochemical preparation of a mesoporous NiO/yttria stabilized zirconia composite

A sonochemical process for the fabrication of the mesoporous composite NiO/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is described. Its surface area after the extraction of the surfactant is 193 m²/g for a sample containing 40 atom-% Ni. The main advantages of the sonochemical method, as compared with previous works, are the short reaction time (6 h) and that there is no requirement for the glycolation of the nickel, yttrium, and zirconium ions. The reduction of NiO/YSZ to the corresponding Ni/YSZ is also reported.     

Specific Features of Thermochemical Processes in High‐Temperature Coke of Polymer Composite Materials

The temperature fields in coked layers of polymer composite materials (fiberglass plastics) under hightemperature heating and subsequent cooling in a cold oxidizer flow are experimentally studied. Based on the analysis of experimental data and numerical research, it is shown that exothermal chemical reactions can proceed in the coked layer of fiberglass plastics, which creates conditions for maintaining high temperatures in the compositecoke layer during a rather long time.     

新型防静电聚氯乙烯塑料地板贴面材料的研制

叙述了新型防静电聚氯乙烯塑料地板贴面材料的研制工艺、防静电结构的设计、防静电性能，讨论了其增塑体系与稳定体系，试验表明，该材料具有优良的防静电性能。     

树脂含量对稀土摩阻材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

在制备的新型稀土摩阻材料中，研究了丁腈改性酚醛树脂粘结剂含量变化对材料性能的影响。结果表明：在本文实验条件下，树脂粘结剂的含量对稀土摩阻材料的摩擦磨损性能有较大影响，当树脂粘结剂含量为20％时。材料的摩擦磨损性能最佳，并且分析了树脂粘结剂含量对材料性能影响的相关因素。     

Non-equilibrium particle motion in the vicinity of a single blade

The motion of sand particles close to a single moving blade was investigated using Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT) during the period in which the free bed surface profile was evolving to an equilibrium shape. The area affected by the blade was divided into active and inactive regions and these were analysed separately. The characteristic heart-shape of the active region in the plan view was determined. An approximately 10-particle-diameter wide velocity transition zone is found between the two regions. While the tracer particle is in the inactive region moving away from the blade, the time dependence of the axial displacement is well described by a logarithmic relationship. The probability of particle movement towards the centre of the blade was quantified using a “central tendency” index. The calculated central tendency shows maxima at each side of the blade. The separation of the two maxima, which indicates the width of the active region, increases with fill level but is independent of rotational speed.     

Ultrasonic oscillations effect on rheological and processing properties of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene

The effects of ultrasonic oscillations and die materials on die pressure, productivity of extrusion, melt viscosity of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE), as well as their mechanism were studied in a special ultrasonic oscillations extrusion system developed in our lab. Die materials used in our experiment included steel, brass, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)_. The experimental results showed that ultrasonic oscillations as well as die materials have great influence on the rheological and processing behavior of mLLDPE. Ultrasonic oscillations can greatly increase the productivity of mLLDPE melt extruded through different dies, and can decrease the die pressure and the melt viscosity of mLLDPE. Compared with steel or brass die, mLLDPE melt extruded through PTFE die is more sensitive to ultrasonic oscillations. A possible mechanism for the improved processability of mLLDPE is proposed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1873–1878, 2003     

Fe0/C诱导铜盐还原耦合化学沉淀法脱除废水硫氰酸盐

焦化废水是一类伴随焦炭生产而形成的有机-无机组分共存、环境危害大的工业废水,其高含量的硫氰酸盐将毒害微生物、抑制生物活性,影响废水生化系统的稳定性,研究硫氰酸盐的资源化利用具有重要意义。采用等体积浸渍结合碳热还原法制备系列生物炭负载零价铁材料(Fe⁰/C),用X射线衍射和氮气吸-脱附技术进行物性结构表征;模拟焦化废水,利用零价铁还原铜盐耦合硫氰酸亚铜合成反应,实现硫氰酸根回收利用。表征结果表明：Fe⁰/C是无定形碳负载零价铁材料,比表面积较小(小于1 m²/g)。实验结果显示,在模拟废水硫氰酸盐质量浓度为2.50 g/L、铜盐浓度为0.03 mol/L、pH为5.5、温度为40℃条件下反应10 min,3Fe⁰/C(铁质量分数为3%)对硫氰酸盐脱除率达到99%,实现了模拟焦化废水中硫氰酸盐的高效脱除,获得了附加值较高的硫氰酸亚铜产品,丰富了焦化废水物化-生化处理技术理论。     

退役锂离子电池正极材料直接回收的研究现状和展望

随着全球各国大力发展新能源汽车产业,以锂离子电池（LIBs）为主的动力电池数量急剧增长。然而,LIBs的使用寿命有限,早期装机的LIBs在近几年已达到其退役要求。大量的退役电池亟需有效地回收处理,否则会对环境和人类造成危害,同时导致贵金属资源的流失。传统的电池回收技术以火法和湿法回收为主,能够实现对退役LIBs各种成分的精细化回收及再利用,但通常污染大、能耗高、回收周期长。因此,亟需开发绿色、节能、高效的LIBs回收技术。近年来,新兴的电池材料直接回收技术因工艺简单、碳排放少、能耗低、回收周期短等优势而备受关注。综述了目前主流的正极材料直接回收技术及其优缺点,分析了其在低成本、低能耗等方面的贡献,并对正极材料的功能化及LIBs闭环回收的最新进展做了介绍。最后,展望了退役LIBs正极材料及其他组分回收再利用的前景和发展趋势,旨在为电池回收领域研究提供参考。     

HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H用于中碳链结构磷脂的高效合成

以四氯化锆、磷钼酸水合物、1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸和（3-巯基丙基）三甲氧基硅烷为原料,通过原位合成法及接枝共聚法制得负载磷钼酸的磺酸基功能化UiO-66（HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H）。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、EDS、XPS、N2吸附-脱附和TG-DTG对其进行了结构表征;应用HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H促进大豆卵磷脂与中碳链脂肪酸（辛酸和癸酸）酯交换合成富含辛酸和癸酸的中碳链结构磷脂,通过正交实验优化了反应条件,并对比了HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H与HPMo、UiO-66、HPMo@UiO-66和UiO-66-SO3H的反应活性,考察了HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H的循环利用性。结果表明,HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H具有介孔结构,并含有大量HPMo和磺酸基活性组分,且组分间可显著协同促进中碳链结构磷脂的合成反应;当HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H含量为大豆卵磷脂、辛酸和癸酸总质量的百分之5,m（大豆卵磷脂）∶m（辛酸）∶m（癸酸）=1∶10∶10,50 ℃下反应4 h时,产物的中碳链脂肪酸接入率高达百分之94.31（辛酸和癸酸接入率分别为百分之44.21和百分之50.10）;HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H可循环利用5次活性无明显下降。提出了HPMo@UiO-66-SO3H促进酯交换制备中碳链结构磷脂过程的可能反应机理。