激光窄脉冲信号探测电路的设计与接收

在激光反射层析成像雷达系统中,激光脉宽越窄,系统的成像分辨率越高。而高带宽、无失真的探测接收电路设计起来较为困难。详细分析了雪崩光电二极管(Avalanche Photodiode,APD)模型及其主要性能参数,并选择了合适的探测器。然后对前置放大电路、主放大电路和可控增益放大电路进行了较为详细的分析,并设计了合适的电路结构。GHz级微弱光电信号在被接收时很容易受到外部噪声的干扰,这会导致接收波形产生畸变。采用电磁辐射屏蔽方法消除了干扰,最终无失真地探测和接收到了1 ns窄脉冲激光信号,满足了激光反射层析成像雷达系统的0.15 m成像精度要求。     

基于改进条件生成对抗网络的可控场景生成方法

可再生能源发电具有较强的随机性和波动性,为实现高效可靠的场景建模,提出一种基于改进条件生成对抗网络的可控场景生成方法。提出基于条件生成对抗网络的场景生成框架,结合Transformer的全局注意力机制以及常规卷积和深度可分离卷积的局部泛化机制,设计适用于提取可再生能源发电不同维度特征的网络结构;利用条件生成对抗网络模型建立低维气象特征隐空间和高维可再生能源发电数据之间的映射关系,提出一种可控场景生成方法,并建立随机场景生成、场景约减、极端场景生成和连续日场景生成4种生成策略。基于实际光伏、风电数据和气象数据的仿真结果表明,所提模型与方法能够有效学习可再生能源发电的随机性、时序性、波动性及空间相关性,实现对不同策略下场景的可控生成。     

跨音速压气机叶型试验浅析

介绍了采用可控扩压计算程序计算的压气机叶片数据与吹风试验结果的对照结论,提出采用可控扩压方法设计的燃气透平叶片的气动性能可以通过程序计算模拟。采用该方法不但可以减少试验费用,同时可以大大缩短新型叶片的开发周期。     

Mechanically Robust,Ultraelastic Hierarchical Foam with Tunable Properties via 3D Printing

A mechanically robust, ultraelastic foam with controlled multiscale architectures and tunable mechanical/conductive performance is fabricated via 3D printing. Hierarchical porosity, including both macro‐ and microscaled pores, are produced by the combination of direct ink writing (DIW), acid etching, and phase inversion. The thixotropic inks in DIW are formulated by a simple one‐pot process to disperse duo nanoparticles (nanoclay and silica nanoparticles) in a polyurethane suspension. The resulting lightweight foam exhibits tailorable mechanical strength, unprecedented elasticity (standing over 1000 compression cycles), and remarkable robustness (rapidly and fully recover after a load more than 20 000 times of its own weight). Surface coating of carbon nanotubes yields a conductive elastic foam that can be used as piezoresistivity sensor with high sensitivity. For the first time, this strategy achieves 3D printing of elastic foam with controlled multilevel 3D structures and mechanical/conductive properties. Moreover, the facile ink preparation method can be utilized to fabricate foams of various materials with desirable performance via 3D printing.     

高温超导可控电抗器研究进展

电抗器是重要的无功补偿装置,在电力系统中得到了广泛的应用。可控电抗器可根据运行工况调节输出容量,以稳定系统电压,控制补偿无功功率,提高系统稳定性。将超导技术应用于可控电抗器,利用其零电阻、高通流密度特性,可减小电抗器体积,降低损耗,提高可控电抗器利用效率。目前,高漏抗式高温超导可控电抗器和正交耦合型高温超导可控电抗器已先后研发成功,本文对两类高温超导可控电抗器的样机研制、电抗特性、关键技术问题进行了归纳与总结,对其性能特点进行了分析。     

可控中子孔隙度测井仪器设计

源距与屏蔽体厚度是直接影响可控中子孔隙度测井仪器测量准确性的重要参数。源距不仅影响测井仪器的测量误差,还影响测井仪器对地层孔隙度的灵敏度。屏蔽体厚度是保障测井响应完全反映地层的重要参数。从灵敏度、屏蔽率以及误差3个方面确定可控中子孔隙度测井仪器的源距与屏蔽体厚度。研究结果表明:近探测器源距越小,测井仪器灵敏度越高;近远探测器的间距对测量误差的影响随间距的增大,先减小再增大;当屏蔽率在70%以上且屏蔽率随厚度的变化较为缓慢时的屏蔽体厚度可作为屏蔽体最低厚度。     

Highly Bendable and Rotational Textile Structure with Prestrained Conductive Sewing Pattern for Human Joint Monitoring

Human joints have respective ranges of motion and joint forces corresponding to each kind of joint; this necessitates considerations of the characteristics of human joints to fabricate wearable strain sensors conformable to the human body, and capable of precisely monitoring complex motions of the human body. In the present study, the “all textile‐based highly stretchable structure” that is capable of precisely sensing motions (folding and rotation) of the human joints (finger, wrist, elbow, spine, and knee) is fabricated by optimizing patterns (straight, blind, and zigzag) of conductive yarns employed as the conductive part of the strain sensor, and several textile substrates (braided elastic fabric, knit fabric, and woven fabric), having preferable elasticity and conformability employed for the fabrication of strain sensors suitable for human joints. In particular, the technology, enabling the prestraining of textile substrate, is exploited to fabricate a strain sensor that is capable of outputting selective signals corresponding to the folding motion of the spinal joint over a predetermined angle of motion, and the gait pattern of the wearer of the sensor, attached to his or her knee joint doing folding and rotational motions, is analyzed.     

A simple explicit single step time integration algorithm for structural dynamics

In this article, a new single-step explicit time integration method is developed based on the Newmark approximations for the analysis of various dynamic problems. The newly proposed method is second-order accurate and able to control numerical dissipation through the parameters of the Newmark approximations. Explicitness and order of accuracy of the proposed method are not affected in velocity-dependent problems. Illustrative linear and nonlinear examples are used to verify performances of the proposed method.     

开放式多自由度可控机构综合实验台的研制

结合多自由度可控机构的主要研究内容、特点以及最新研究成果,研制了既能满足机械原理、机械设计等课程本科实验教学的需要,又可满足研究生机构学实验教学与科研需要的开放式综合实验台,该综合实验台不仅能实现平面机构运动简图绘制与分析等实验教学,而且还能对多自由度可控机构正、逆解运动学以及系统数字控制等问题,进行开放性实验研究,从而为进一步加强和提高学生的动手及创新能力,提供一定的实验基础。     

计及广义需求侧资源的用户侧自动响应机理与关键问题

自动需求响应是智能电网的关键技术之一,在广义需求侧资源接入的情况下,对用户侧如何实施自动需求响应提出了更高要求。首先,介绍了用户侧的智能用电单元的基本形态,分析了负荷、分布式电源、储能与电动汽车等需求侧资源的适用性;提出了"独立用户+节点型智能用电单元"与"集体用户+聚合型智能用电单元"两种用户自动需求响应运行模式,并给出了相应的电气与信息架构。其次,从系统架构设计、用户负荷特征及负荷预测、负荷可调控性及控制模型、优化模型与方法等多个方面综述了用户侧自动需求响应的国内外研究现状及发展动态。最后,总结分析认为用户侧短期负荷预测、负荷可调控性与可计划性模型、面向自动需求响应的优化运行、综合效益评估等是需要进一步研究的关键问题。