National and International Water Law

Abstract

The exchange of data and information relating to transboundary water resources is widely accepted as being an appropriate starting point for more comprehensive cooperation. This paper examines under what conditions data and information exchange occur in relation to shared water resources, and hence examines when it can be used as a confidence building measure. An overview of several major international river basins together with more detailed case studies of the Mekong. Rio Grande, and Rhine River basins suggest that factors that promote data and information exchange include the presence of compatible needs, absence of legacies of mistrust, increasing water resources stress, perceptions that cooperation is of mutual benefit, external pressure and funding, comparable levels of institutional capacity, popular and political concern about water resources management, and functional formal or informal cooperative arrangements. Analysis of the situation prevailing between Israel and the Palestinians with regard to shared water resources suggests that data and information exchange does not seem likely in the short term, even though other forms of cooperation have been established with mixed results. This suggests that in some situations, at least, data and information exchange relating to shared water resources may not be useful as a first step in establishing more comprehensive cooperation.     

Transboundary water cooperation on the Yarlung Zangbo/Brahmaputra – a legal analysis of riparian state practice

The Yarlung Zangbo/Brahmaputra, shared by China, India, Bhutan and Bangladesh, lacks a comprehensive legal framework. Following an overview of the basin, the paper analyses state and treaty practice through a legal lens, comparing the riparian state positions, based on their approaches to sovereignty. Finding fragmented transboundary water cooperation across the basin, two possible approaches that might help are explored. Taking inspiration from the hydropower projects on parts of the watercourse, and from existing multilateral environmental agreements, it is queried whether future cooperation might be fostered through legal arrangements for joint exploitation, or through joint protection under multilateral environmental agreements.     

基于ASP.NET的项目化技能训练协作平台构建

依据目前项目化课程体系模式设计策略,借鉴国家、省精品课程网站建设经验,开发基于ASP.NET项目化技能训练协作平台,该系统以基础项目、拓展项目、综合项目、企业项目为主线,加强校企合作,学生自由组团完成项目有利于培养学生的综合能力,实现课堂内外兼修.     

“双元双证四开放”培养高端技能人才服务县域经济的创新实践

沙洲职业工学院在政府主导下积极实施开放办学,与行业企业合作“双元”培养同时具有高级职业技能与学历“双证”的高端技能型人才,包括世界500强企业总裁在内的约80%毕业生高密度落户张家港,体现了“根植、融合、服务”张家港县域经济社会的办学特色,显著提升张家港市科技人才比例,在张家港市争当苏南现代化建设排头兵的进程中发挥了高技能人才培养、培训基地的主渠道作用。     

基于目标对象的最佳中继协作频谱感知方案

提出了一种基于目标对象的最佳中继协作频谱感知方案(Pe-BRCS),通过最小化报告信道上的错误传输概率为目标选择最佳中继,以提高感知性能;为了降低计算复杂度,进一步提出了简化的最佳中继,协作频谱感知方案(simplified_BRCS)。仿真结果表明:相比传统SINR-BRCS方案,Pe_BRCS方案有效降低了报告信道上的错误传输概率,可以在增加较少计算复杂度的条件下提高感知性能;simplified_BRCS方案可以在不增加复杂度的情况下很好地近似Pe_BRCS方案。     

企业参与职业教育校企合作的立法保障研究

职业教育校企合作无论是目前状态的民事关系,还是将来可能被纳入公法的调整范围,都需要法律法规的规范性文件予以指引和强制实施。克服企业不能积极主动建立校企合作关系的弊端,需要设定强制性义务规定及相应的权利规范,以推动企业参与承担职业教育的社会责任。     

高职电气自动化专业校企合作模式的探索与实践

建立可持续双赢的校企合作模式是高职院校专业建设和人才培养的重要课题。以常州信息职业技术学院电气自动化技术专业实践为例,介绍"企—校—企"三轴联动校企合作模式的内涵、举措和实施成效,学校作为主体与两类企业开展不同内容和形式的合作,有力地促进专业人才培养质量和社会服务水平。     

校企合作中高职人才培养模式构建的实践与思考

校企合作是构建高等职业教育模式的重要途径.近年来,校企合作有效地拓展了高职实践教学方式,促进了我国高职人才培养模式的形成.但也存在不少问题,应在校企合作中重视利用行业协会,不断创新合作机制,努力提升高校自身办学实力,进一步完善我国高职人才培养模式.     

Severe motor disability affects functional cortical integration in the context of brain-computer interface (BCI) use

The purpose of this study was to investigate cortical interaction between brain regions in people with and without severe motor disability during brain-computer interface (BCI) operation through coherence analysis. Eighteen subjects, including six patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and three patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), participated. The results showed (1) the existence of BCI performance difference caused by severe motor disability; (2) different coherence patterns between participants with and without severe motor disability during BCI operation and (3) effects of motor disability on cortical connections varying in the brain regions for the different frequency bands, indicating reduced cortical differentiation and specialisation. Participants with severe neuromuscular impairments, as compared with the able-bodied group, recruited more cortical regions to compensate for the difficulties caused by their motor disability, reflecting a less efficient operating strategy for the BCI task. This study demonstrated that coherence analysis can be applied to examine the ways cortical networks cooperate with each other during BCI tasks. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Few studies have investigated the electrophysiological underpinnings of differences in BCI performance. This study contributes by assessing neuronal synchrony among brain regions. Our findings revealed that severe motor disability causes more cortical areas to be recruited to perform the BCI task, indicating reduced cortical differentiation and specialisation.     

交通工程专业校企共建实验室的探索与实践

文章围绕地方高校特点与教学改革的需求,针对交通工程专业实践性强的特点以及专业实验室的建设水平对学科整体实力的影响,论述了地方院校交通工程专业学科建设开展校企合作的必要性;结合山东建筑大学道路与交通工程校企共建实验室的实践经验,从提升人才培养质量、提升专业教师综合水平、加强对外交流力度等方面论述了校企合作共建实验室促进交通工程专业应用型人才培养的成效;并从推动和完善校企合作机制、确保校企合作共建实验室的正常运行和健康有序发展的角度,探讨了地方高校深化校企合作的进一步措施.