miRNA与药物反应个体差异

目前关于药物反应个体差异研究集中在药物代谢和药物靶点基因的单核苷酸多态性位点(SNPs)和其他基因突变(例如拷贝数的变化)的表型效应,而仅分析DNA序列不能完全解释药物反应个体差异。miRNA的发现,为其提供了新的研究方向。miRNA是一类内源性的非编码小RNA,其与靶基因mRNA 3'非翻译区(3'UTR)互补结合,引起mRNA切割或翻译抑制,从而在转录后水平下调基因表达。miRNA可负调控大量人类基因的表达,其中包括许多药物疗效相关基因。越来越多的研究结果表明,miRNA是导致药物反应个体差异的又一重要因素。本文从miRNA调控药物代谢、药物转运和药物靶点,miRNA及其结合位点多态性等方面对miRNA在药物反应个体差异中所起作用进行综述。     

Ca2+和Mg2+对辉钼矿可浮性的影响对比

通过辉钼矿单矿物浮选试验,Ca2+,Mg2+的溶液化学计算及辉钼矿表面Zeta电位和XPS检测,对比研究了Ca2+,Mg2+对辉钼矿可浮性影响的差异性.结果表明,Ca2+,Mg2+均会吸附于辉钼矿表面,改变辉钼矿表面Zeta电位并对辉钼矿的可浮性产生抑制作用,且随pH值增大,抑制作用增强;碱性条件下Mg2+对辉钼矿可浮...     

基于强度折减的离散单元法在岩质边坡稳定性分析中的应用

离散元方法是一种用于非连续介质的数值计算方法,适用于岩体断层、节理、裂隙比较发育的岩质高边坡稳定性分析.强度折减法是一种在边坡稳定性分析中应用比较广泛的数值方法,其所认定的强度储备系数跟极限平衡所提出的稳定安全系数是等效的.将离散元方法与强度折减准则相结合,采用两套离散网格:密网格代表节理裂隙发育的工况;稀网格近似等效为岩体经过加固后完整性得到提高的工况,对构皮滩水垫塘高边坡进行了计算,分析了自然边坡及开挖边坡的稳定性,并对支护效果进行了评价,为工程的设计施工提供了参考.     

模糊可变评价模型在评价农村水利现代化中的应用

本文应用了以模糊可变集合与相对差异函数为基础的相对隶属函数表示的模糊可变评价模型,评价农村水利现代化.该模型能够科学、合理的确定与农村水利现代化相关的各项指标处于区间值的相对隶属度、相对隶属函数,并且能够通过变化模型及其参数,合理地确定出农村水利现代化水平的评价等级,提高对样本等级评价的可信度.应用该模型对山东省2000年农村水利现代化水平进行了评价,并与其他评价方法的评价结果进行了比较分析.结果表明该模型实用性强,计算结果可靠,可应用于不同实际工程领域的综合评价中.     

高水差条件下内河沉管隧道健康监测系统研究

以建设中的国内最大内河沉管隧道——南昌红谷隧道为工程依托,针对其高水差、长大管节、地层条件复杂、隧道纵坡变化大等特点,设计了针对该沉管隧道的结构健康监测方案,并构建了一套健康监测评估系统。重点论述了管段接头张开和错位、管段不均匀沉降、剪切键受力的监测方法以及健康评估指标体系的构建过程。该监测系统可实现对隧道多项位移、内力等健康指标数据的实时全自动测取与传输,并可自动进行隧道健康状态评估,给出预警、报警、管理、养护建议。     

基于变步长差分迭代方法的河道水面线计算

在计算天然河道水面线时,由于河道的不规则性,导致计算断面间距往往是不相等的。为此,依据水力学能量方程,建立了变步长差分迭代的水面曲线模型。该数学模型简单易行,适应性强,便于程序化实现。通过对河南省南部某河道治理工程水面线的推求验证,证明该方法可有效解决非等间距断面的水面线推求问题,且计算效率和精度较高,可为计算类似工程问题提供参考。     

真空油炸技术在熏鱼制品加工中的应用

以新鲜草鱼为原料,用真空油炸代替常压油炸对传统熏鱼制品的加工工艺进行优化改良,将其与常压油炸制品进行表面孔隙大小的对比,并对改良后的熏鱼制品进行了吸湿特性的研究。结果表明,草鱼在真空度0．06MPa,温度为130℃下油炸13min,制得的熏鱼制品在色、香、味以及组织形态上都优于高温常压油炸：真空油炸表面孔隙明显大于常压油炸表面孔隙;常压油炸的颜色明显比真空油炸的要深,光泽比真空油炸的要差。     

Hay to reduce dietary cation-anion difference for dry dairy cows

Timothy grass has a lower dietary cation-anion difference [DCAD = (Na + K) - (Cl + S)] than other cool-season grass species. Growing timothy on low-K soils and fertilizing it with CaCl₂ could further decrease its DCAD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding low-DCAD timothy hay on dry dairy cows. Six nonpregnant and nonlactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square. Treatments were as follows: 1) control diet (control; DCAD = 296 mEq/kg of dry matter); 2) low-DCAD diet based on low-DCAD timothy hay (L-HAY; DCAD = - 24 mEq/kg of dry matter); and 3) low-DCAD diet using HCl (L-HCl; DCAD = - 19 mEq/kg of dry matter). Decreasing DCAD with L-HAY had no effect on dry matter intake (11.8 kg/d) or dry matter digestibility (71.5%). Urine pH decreased from 8.21 to 5.89 when L-HAY was fed instead of the control. Blood parameters that decreased with L-HAY were base excess (− 0.4 vs. 3.8 mM) and HCO₃⁻ (23 vs. 27 mM), and blood parameters that increased were Ca²⁺ (5.3 vs. 5.1 mg/dL), Cl⁻ (30.5 vs. 29.5 mg/dL), and Na⁺ (60.8 vs. 60.1 mg/dL). Compared with the control, L-HAY resulted in more Ca in urine (13.4 vs. 1.2 g/d). Comparing L-HAY with L-HCl, cow dry matter intake tended to be higher (11.5 vs. 9.8 kg/d), and blood pH was higher (7.37 vs. 7.31). Urine pH; total dry matter; Ca, K, P, and Mg apparent absorption; and Ca, K, Na, Cl, S, P, and Mg apparent retention were similar. Absorption as a percentage of intake of Na and Cl was lower for L-HAY as compared with L-HCl. In an EDTA-challenge test, cows fed L-HAY regained their initial level of blood Ca²⁺ twice as quickly as the control treatment (339 vs. 708 min); there were no differences between L-HAY and L-HCl. This experiment confirms that feeding low-DCAD hay is an effective means of decreasing the DCAD of rations and obtaining a metabolic response in dry dairy cows.     

Timothy hay with a low dietary cation-anion difference improves calcium homeostasis in periparturient Holstein cows

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of feeding timothy (Phleum pratense L.) hay differing in dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on the capability of cows to maintain calcium homeostasis around parturition. We hypothesized that feeding low-DCAD timothy hay during the prepartum period would induce a mild metabolic acidosis prepartum and improve calcium homeostasis postpartum with no effect on dry matter intake. Forty-one dry pregnant Holstein cows entering their second lactation or greater were used in a randomized complete block design. Timothy hay was obtained from an established timothy stand under a pivot irrigation system. Low-DCAD timothy hay was produced by fertilizing the area between the second and third pivot towers at a rate of 224 kg of CaCl₂/ha, and control timothy hay (high DCAD) was grown on the area between the fourth and fifth pivot towers of the same field. The chloride concentration was 1.07 and 0.15% on a dry matter (DM) basis, and the DCAD was 1.2 and 21.6 mEq/100 g of DM for the low- and high-DCAD timothy hay, respectively. Experimental diets, containing timothy hay at 63% of dietary DM, were fed ad libitum starting 30 d before the expected calving date. The DCAD values were 1.6 vs. 14.5 mEq/100 g of DM for the low- and high-DCAD timothy-based diets, respectively. At the beginning of the study, urine pH and blood bicarbonate concentration averaged 8.22 ± 0.06 and 28.5 ± 0.3 mM, respectively. The low-DCAD timothy diet decreased urine pH compared with the high-DCAD timothy diet on d 21 (7.75 vs. 8.31), d 14 (7.69 vs. 8.22), and d 7 (7.50 vs. 8.19) before calving, and it also decreased the prepartum blood bicarbonate concentration by 2 mM. In addition, cows fed the low-DCAD timothy diet had greater blood ionized calcium concentration prepartum (1.22 vs. 1.19 mM), greater blood ionized calcium concentration at 0 and 8 h after calving, and similar prepartum dry matter intake. These results indicate that timothy hay differing in DCAD affects the acid-base balance of periparturient dairy cows, and that low-DCAD timothy hay improves calcium homeostasis postpartum with no negative effect on dry matter intake.     

土体及遮帘桩对板桩码头影响的数值模拟分析

利用有限差分分析软件对板桩码头进行数值模拟,分析板桩码头中土体参数及遮帘桩对板桩码头板桩前墙的影响。对板桩码头土体参数改变时板桩前墙的受力情况进行模拟。模拟结果表明:土体内摩擦角对前墙最大负弯矩的影响最大,弹性模量次之,粘聚力最小;对于前墙最大正弯矩,弹性模量的影响程度最大,内摩擦角次之,粘聚力对最大正弯矩的影响呈现起伏不定。针对遮帘桩安放位置对码头的影响情况,模拟遮帘桩距离前墙1~10m时板桩墙最大正、负弯矩的变化情况。模拟结果显示:当遮帘桩距离前墙2~5 m时,板桩墙的弯矩值处在一个较低的范围。