大型火电厂厂用电手拉手接线总结

本文介绍了三个大型火电厂厂用电手拉手接线方案及其投产后的运行情况,分析了与手拉手接线相关的技术问题,并提出了相应的优化建议,可为同类新建、改扩建工程的设计和业主决策提供参考。     

高压断路器永磁电机机构及控制系统设计

为实现126 k V高压真空断路器的智能化操作,满足断路器分合闸速度要求,提出一种新型的断路器分合闸电机操动机构及控制系统。结合126 k V高压真空断路器的负载特性,在分析表贴式、燕尾槽表贴埋入型、直线内嵌型和外V内嵌型4种电机转子后,提出了一种多槽双层表贴埋入式定子及转子永磁电机设计方案,并设计了以数字信号处理器为核心的硬件控制装置。开展126 k V高压真空断路器的联机实验,结果表明,采用上述操动机构及控制系统能够满足126 k V高压真空断路器分合闸速度指标的要求,且分合闸时间具有良好的稳定性。     

液压电磁式断路器建模与分析

建立了液压电磁式断路器电磁机构脱扣特性的仿真分析模型,通过有限元软件Ansys计算不同情况下的电磁吸力,分析其与气隙和衔铁角度的关系,为吸反力的配合提供参考依据。在LabView软件中搭建电磁机构的动态数学模型,通过修改硅油粘度和弹簧（扭簧）等参数,分析脱扣特性的变化,为设计性能优良的断路器产品提供了理论基础。     

断路器传动机构齿轮导板的设计

介绍了传动机构的原理,指出齿轮与导板的设计要点。针对断路器跳齿现象,通过对导板和扇形齿轮的受力分析,结合实际情况,提出了优化方案。方案定义了参数设计要求,为齿轮和导板的配合提供一种思路。     

Modeling method of fast transient for unsymmetrical stray capacitance to ground

Transient characteristic of power system apparatus in a high‐frequency region should be modeled with stray capacitors. Pi‐type circuit is commonly used to represent the stray capacitors between terminals and those to the ground. A modeling method for the pi‐type circuit with unsymmetrical stray capacitances to ground is proposed in this paper. To obtain the unsymmetrical stray capacitances to ground, a couple of differential‐mode measurements are interchangeably applied. The parameters of the pi‐type circuit can be determined by the measurements with a common‐mode measurement. A nonlinear least‐squares method is used to estimate the capacitances. The method is applied to compose an equivalent circuit of a miniature circuit breaker (MCB), which has unsymmetrical stray capacitances to ground. The application is not only for the MCB but also for a scaled model of a high‐voltage circuit breaker. A gas‐filled arrester is used as a voltage sensor for the test because the voltage across the stray capacitor cannot be directly measured due to the input capacitance of a voltage probe. A transient response of the MCB with the gas‐filled arresters is numerically simulated to show the usefulness of the equivalent circuit. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

气液联合冲击器参数优化设计

分析了液压冲击器冲击机构的控制形式,得出气液联合冲击器采用后腔控制式的结构比较合理。经理论分析与计算表明，在多档冲击器的某一档上确定的最优抽象设计变量α，在其它各档上也同样适合。以此为基础得出了冲击活塞系统的基本参数设计计算公式，并以液压冲击器供油峰值流量最小为优化设计目标，进行了优化设计，求得了抽象设计变量最优值αu。     

A review of fracturing fluid systems used for hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas wells

Hydraulic fracturing has been used by the oil and gas industry as a way to boost hydrocarbon production since 1947. Recent advances in fracturing technologies, such as multistage fracturing in horizontal wells, are responsible for the latest hydrocarbon production boom in the US. Linear or crosslinked guars are the most commonly used fluids in traditional fracturing operations. The main functions of these fluids are to open/propagate the fractures and transport proppants into the fractures. Proppants are usually applied to form a thin layer between fracture faces to prop the fractures open at the end of the fracturing process. Chemical breakers are used to break the polymers at the end of the fracturing process so as to provide highly conductive fractures. Concerns over fracture conductivity damage by viscous fluids in ultra‐tight formations found in unconventional reservoirs prompted the industry to develop an alternative fracturing fluid called “slickwater”. It consists mainly of water with a very low concentration of linear polymer. The low concentration polymer serves primarily to reduce the friction loss along the flow lines. Proppant‐carrying capability of this type of fluids is still a subject of debate among industry experts. Constraints on local water availability and the potential for damage to formations have led the industry to develop other types of fracturing fluids such as viscoelastic surfactants and energized fluids. This article reviews both the traditional viscous fluids used in conventional hydraulic fracturing operations as well as the new family of fluids being developed for both traditional and unconventional reservoirs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40735.     

对高压少油断路器多断口均压问题的分析

高压少油断路器中,灭弧室普遍采用多断口串联式结构.在开断过程中,各断口上的电压分配出现不均匀,为了使每个灭弧室工作条件达到一致,断口间需并接均压电容,但串联的灭弧室数量太多,断口上的电压分布将会愈来愈不均匀,使断口上的均压问题更难解决.为解决这一问题,普遍采用减少串联灭弧室的数量,提高每个灭弧室的工作电压,来解决高压少油断路器断口的均压问题.     

基于PIC单片机的真空断路器在线检测系统的设计

介绍了真空断路器各种常见故障、在线监测的必要性.为了提高系统的可靠性、兼容性、降低成本和占用体积,采用了PIC系列单片机作为核心的处理系统,充分利用了这种类型的单片机的低功耗、外围接口配置灵活、驱动能力强等特点.     

电厂220 kV断路器内部电腐蚀问题的分析及处理

介绍了某水力发电厂开关站220 kV断路器内部存在的电腐蚀问题,通过问题的发现过程及产生原因,提出了类似断路器所存在问题的解决方法,并给出了处理结果。